- 學位論文
活性碳濾材之營養源、回潮率與含水率對細菌存活率影響探討
The Study of Surviving of Bacteria on Charcoal Filters under Nutrient, Moisture Regain and Water Content Conditions
摘要
研究選用柱狀椰殼、柱狀煤質、粒狀椰殼、粒狀煤質、粉狀椰殼、粉狀煤質等六種活性碳濾材，滴加含有枯草桿菌內孢子或大腸桿菌菌液，比較未添加、人工唾液、無菌水和人工汗液，並放入恆溫恆濕培養箱分別置放1天、2天、4天和8天之存活率。 枯草桿菌之相對存活率，與六種活性碳在不同營養源浸泡下溶出物之重金屬成分結果顯示：Si為浸泡人工汗液濃度較高之元素，故Si（P-Value=0.0397<0.05）最有可能是增強枯草桿菌生長之元素。粉狀活性碳在添加人工唾液後，Sr是溶出物中較為顯著的元素，故Sr（P-Value=0.0253<0.05）最有可能是抑制枯草桿菌生長之元素。柱狀活性碳在浸泡人工汗液，柱狀煤質活性碳Mn的濃度高於柱狀椰殼活性碳，但大腸桿菌存活率相對較低，故Mn（P-Value=0.0143<0.05）最有可能是抑制大腸桿菌生長的主要元素。 枯草桿菌之相對存活率與活性碳物化特性成分之統計結果顯示：水分（P-Value=0.0156<0.05）、碘值（P-Value=0.0467<0.05）、表面積（P-Value=0.0467<0.05）與枯草桿菌大量繁殖有顯著相關；大腸桿菌之統計結果顯示：水分（P-Value<0.0001）、碘值（P-Value=0.01）、表面積（P-Value=0.0061<0.05）、pH值（P-Value<0.0001）呈現顯著。枯草桿菌之相對存活率與不同營養條件，統計結果可以發現添加營養源與否和枯草桿菌在培養4天（P-Value=0.019<0.05）及8天（P-Value=0.0197<0.05）的存活狀況是呈現顯著相關的。一般活性碳口罩是設計來防止氣狀污染物之用途，但很多民眾常用以過濾感染性生物氣膠，而從研究結果發現，佩戴錯誤不僅不具過濾效果，也可能因活性碳提供較佳的細菌存活空間，而使細菌存活，甚至因再進入（reentrianment）現象而危害人體。
並列摘要
This study adopted six types of activated carbon filters, namely: columnar coconut shell, columnar coal, granular coconut shell, granular coal, powdery coconut shell and powdery coal, dripped with liquid containing Bacillus subtilis spores or Escherichia Coli (E. coli), and compared the survival rate of the bacteria between the control group (without nutrient), artificial saliva group, sterile water group and artificial perspiration group, after they had been placed in constant temperature and humidity incubators for 1 day, 2 days, 4 days and 8 days. The relative survival rate of Bacillus subtilis versus the dissolution of heavy metals after the six activated carbons were immersed in different nutrients showed: Si was an element with higher concentration when the carbons were soaked in artificial perspiration, so Si (P-Value = 0.0397 <0.05) was most likely to be the element enhancing the growth of Bacillus subtilis. After powdery activated carbon was added with artificial saliva, Sr was a significant element in the dissolution, so Sr (P-Value = 0.0253 <0.05) was most likely to be the element inhibiting the growth of Bacillus subtilis. When columnar activated carbon was immersed in artificial perspiration, the concentration of Mn in columnar coal activated carbon was higher than that in columnar coconut shell activated carbon, but the survival rate of E. coli was relatively lower, so Mn (P-Value = 0.0143 <0.05) was most likely to be the main element inhibiting the growth of E. coli. Statistical results of relative survival rate of Bacillus subtilis and composition of physical and chemical properties of activated carbon showed: moisture (P-Value = 0.0156 <0.05), iodine value (P-Value = 0.0467 <0.05) and surface area (P-Value = 0.0467 <0.05) were significantly related to the vast prorogation of Bacillus subtilis; the statistical results of E. coli showed: moisture (P-Value <0.0001), iodine value (P-Value = 0.01), surface area (P-Value = 0.0061 <0.05) and pH value (P-Value <0.0001) demonstrated strong correlation. Statistical results of relative survival rate of Bacillus subtilis and different nutritional conditions showed, the survival status of Bacillus subtilis on the 4th day (P-Value = 0.019 <0.05) and 8th day (P-Value = 0.0197 <0.05) of culture was significantly related to the addition of nutrients. Ordinary activated carbon mask is designed to prevent gaseous pollutants, but many people use it to filter infectious biological aerosols. However, the results from the study found that wearing of the wrong mask does not offer filtering effect. Instead, the activated carbon may even provide a better environment for bacterial survival, leading to reentrianment that is hazardous to the human body.