社區旅遊中的共用資源管理與獲益分配：以台灣泰雅族司馬庫斯部落與鎮西堡-新光部落為例

Common Pool Resource Management and Benefit Distribution in Community Based Tourism: Two Case Studies from Smangus and Cinsbu-Xinguang, Atayal Indigenous Communities in Taiwan

岳湖(Ariel Roi)

指導教授 ： 官大偉

國立政治大學/社會科學學院/應用經濟與社會發展英語碩士學位學程(IMES)/碩士(2018年)

https://doi.org/10.6814/THE.NCCU.IMES.005.2018.F06

摘要

過去已有研究討論社區旅遊的利益分配和分享其成功案例，學者們也認同這些利益應該更廣泛地、長遠地被分配及使用；另一方面，在共用資源的研究上，許多社區旅遊組織的主要觀光資源以文化遺產或自然環境為主，在某些情況下其也可被視為共用資源，然而，與利益分配相關的議題，在以旅遊為對象之共用資源文獻中卻鮮少被提及。本研究探討當共用資源為觀光主要資源時，共用資源管理與其利益分配之間的關係。 透過實地訪查、參與觀察、深度訪談等質性方法，以及問卷調查與統計之量化方法的交叉比對，進而分析社區旅遊的自覺行動利益如何影響對旅遊共用資源管理的滿意度。從研究中可以暸解：（1）社區旅遊的利益分配有不同的“階段”，不同時期與社區旅遊管理的關係不同。當獲利分配相對平等時，其對共用資源管理的滿意度影響較小。在這種情形下，社區共同參與和管理共用資源是重要的；(2) 若社區旅遊由數個家族或不同群體共同經營，社區旅遊對獲利分配的看法則會對旅遊共用資源的管理方式產生積極影響。

關鍵字

社區旅遊 ； 共享資源 ； 利益分配 ； 泰雅族 ； 永續旅遊 ； 可持續旅遊

並列摘要

Previous studies have discussed the importance of distribution of benefits from Community Based Tourism (CBT) in the community for its success. Scholars also agree that these distribution should be as far and as wide as possible. Many CBT enterprises are based on cultural heritage and natural environment as key tourism resources. In certain cases, the natural environment as a tourism resource is a Common Pool Resources (CPR). However, the issue of CPR in tourism has not been studied much in either the tourism or the CPR literature. This study explains the relationship between the tourism CPR management framework - when it is the key CBT tourism resource - and its relationship with benefit distribution from tourism. By conducting a mixed method approach of questionnaires (quantitative) and interviews and observation (qualitative), the research analyzes how perceived benefit distribution from CBT affects the satisfaction with the way the Tourism CPR is managed. Two key understandings emerge from the study: (1) There are different “stages” of benefit distribution from CBT result in different relationship with the CBT management. When the benefit distribution is relatively equal in the community, benefit distribution does not impact the satisfaction of the Tourism CPR management. In such case, participation in managing the CPR is important to the community; (2) When the CBT is based on multiple family or group-owned enterprises, the perception of benefit distribution from CBT positively affects the satisfaction with how the Tourism CPR is managed.

並列關鍵字

Community based tourism ； Common pool resource ； Benefit distribution ； Indigenous people ； Taiwan ； Atayal ； Sustainable tourism

參考文獻

Ariel, Roi (2012). Ecotourism: Development and Conservation according to the Millennium Development Goals. Thesis presented to The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, for the degree of Bachelor of Arts.

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