產業群聚對上市櫃公司經營績效之影響： 以生技產業為例

本論文之研究目的在於探討產業群聚對我國生技廠商經營績效之影響，統計資料取自於TEJ資料庫2013年至2020年之財報數據，研究對象以我國2020年生技產業白皮書中所列之124家已上市櫃生技公司為基準。本文以科學園區劃分群聚與非群聚廠商，經營績效影響因素則依性質分為「營運成本」、「公司特性」及「公司治理」等3類共10項。除此之外，本文選定Tobin's Q為經營績效衡量指標，影響因素加入「研發支出」、「資產總額」、「董監持股比率」等中介因素，以「最小平方法（OLS）」多元迴歸模型進行實證分析。由研究結果顯示，生技產業所有廠商及園區內廠商經營績效影響因素達顯著水準的有6項，包括營運成本的「研發支出」及「員工薪資」，與經營績效呈現正相關；公司特性的「資產總額」、「現金流量比率」及「負債比率」，與經營績效呈現負相關；公司治理的「大股東持股比率」，與經營績效呈現正相關。此外，園區外廠商經營績效影響因素達顯著水準的有3項，包括營運成本的「員工薪資」，與經營績效呈現正相關；公司特性的「現金流量比率」及「負債比率」，與經營績效呈現負相關。最後，產業群聚並非經營績效的影響因素，但對於研發支出或董監持股比率較高的廠商，產業群聚與經營績效呈現顯著正相關，對於資產總額較高的廠商，產業群聚與經營績效呈現顯著負相關。

關鍵字

產業群聚；生技產業；經營績效

並列摘要

The objective of this paper is to analyze the impacts of industry clusters on the performance of listed biotechnology companies in Taiwan. The statistical data are taken from the financial report data of the TEJ database from 2013 to 2020. Tobin's Q is selected as a measure of the performance and 10 influencing factors on the performance fall into three categories, including “operating cost”, “company characteristics” and “corporate governance” according to their nature. The “Ordinary Least Squares” multiple regression method is applied for empirical analysis. The empirical results show that industry cluster is not an influencing factor on the performance, but for companies with higher research and development expenditures or shareholding ratio of directors and supervisors, industry cluster is significantly positively correlated with the performance, and for companies with higher total assets, industry cluster is significantly negatively correlated with the performance.