農村再生計畫推行的困境與契機-以臺中市霧峰區舊正社區為例

為解決農村發展面臨的問題，政府從建立法源、籌措經費財源著手，推出重要的農村再生政策，希冀建立富麗新農村。從農村再生政策1.0至2.0政策轉型，對於挹注農村社區發展的資源產生不少變數。本文從農再社區的角度探究農村再生計畫轉型，對社區執行農再計畫產生的實質影響，進而檢視農村社區於培根計畫課程所凝聚的農村發展共識究竟如何延續，如何實現農村再生政策願景。新內生發展理論的形成，可從歐盟農業發展LEADER計畫實踐過程，體悟內生發展模式對於農村發展產生不足的困境，從而認為外部資源不可或缺，農村應設法將在地資源價值極大化，在城市與農村互動之間尋求彼此認同，以網絡和創新作法，達到連結內外資源。反觀我國農政機關雖引用新內生發展理論所揭櫫的農村發展關鍵要素概念，但農村再生政策施政期程措施的改變對於農村社區執行相關計畫也造成一些困擾，亟待遴選個案以進一步探究。本文藉臺中市霧峰區舊正社區以為農村再生社區個案研究，探悉此典型的農村社區歷經農村再生第一期實施計畫至第三期實施計畫轉型，於實踐農村再生計畫過程究竟如何突破推行的困境，找尋農村發展契機。針對農村再生執行問題與個案執行結果分析，得到如下結論：農村再生計畫轉型引導農村社區重視在地資源文化層面意涵，及以創新社區產業元素，形塑在地參與者及外部參與者對於農村認同感，增加與外部團體組織合作機會以及其他計畫資源投入，突破農村再生發展的困境；農村社區透過農村再生計畫推行，賦予農村在地資源的新價值，從網絡關係建置深化找到農村發展契機；社區組織的領導者透過歷年農村再生政策推行，逐步創建增強主要農村場域多功能，使之成為農村發展的核心據點。最後，基於新內生發展理論檢視農村再生政策執行與農再社區個案實踐結果，提出如下建議：納入近鄰農村再生社區在地組織共同提案機制，藉由網絡合作力量以擴大政策執行效果；年度農村再生計畫提案項目定期納入基礎培根課程，俾注入新活力並凝聚農村共識以帶動農村發展；調整年度農村再生計畫經費分配，強化挹注農村生產活動資金；建立領導人陪伴傳承機制，並增強參與專業技能的再訓練；建立自然友善農業新品牌，並持續創新強化農村新形象，使農村在因應時代變遷轉型過程，仍保有生生不息的發展契機。

關鍵字

農村再生；新內生發展；強化資源價值；參與和認同；網絡建構

並列摘要

In order to solve the problems faced by rural development, the government started from establishing legal sources and raising funds and financial sources, and launched an important rural regeneration policy, hoping to build a prosperous new countryside. The transition from rural regeneration policy 1.0 to policy 2.0 has produced many variables for the resources devoted to the development of rural communities. This article explores the transformation of rural regeneration programs from the perspective of the rural regeneration community, and the substantial impact on the implementation of the rural regeneration program in the community, and then examines how the rural development consensus gathered by the rural community in the bacon program course continues and how to realize the rural regeneration policy vision. The formation of the new endogenous development theory can be realized from the practical process of the EU agricultural development LEADER plan, and the endogenous development model can cause insufficient dilemma for rural development. Therefore, it is believed that external resources are indispensable, and rural areas should try to maximize the value of local resources. Seek mutual recognition between urban and rural interactions, and connect internal and external resources through networking and innovative approaches. On the other hand, although my country's agricultural administration agencies use the concept of key elements of rural development revealed by the new endogenous development theory, the changes in administrative measures during the rural regeneration policy have also caused some troubles for rural communities to implement related plans, and it is urgent to select cases for further exploration. This research study uses the case study of the rural regeneration community in Jiu-Zheng Community, Wu-feng District, Taichung City, to explore how this typical rural community has undergone the transformation from the first phase of the implementation plan to the third phase of the implementation plan of rural regeneration. Break through the predicament of implementation and find opportunities for rural development. Aiming at the problems of rural regeneration implementation and the analysis of the implementation results of individual cases, the following conclusions are drawn: the transformation of rural regeneration plans guides rural communities to pay attention to the cultural level of local resources, and uses innovative community industrial elements to shape local and external participants. Rural identity, increase cooperation opportunities with external organizations and other project resources, and break through the dilemma of rural regeneration development; rural communities, through the implementation of rural regeneration projects, endow rural local resources with new value, and find out from the deepening of network relationship construction opportunities for rural development; leaders of community organizations, through the implementation of rural regeneration policies over the years, have gradually created and enhanced the multi-functionality of major rural areas, making them the core base for rural development. Finally, based on the new endogenous development theory, this research study examines the implementation of rural regeneration policies and the practice results of rural regeneration communities, and puts forward the following suggestions. First, the community can jointly propose with neighboring rural regeneration communities, and use the power of network cooperation to expand the effect of policy implementation. Second, the annual rural regeneration plan proposal is regularly incorporated into basic empowerment courses to inject new vitality and build rural consensus to drive rural development. Third, the government adjusts the allocation of funds for the annual rural regeneration plan and strengthens the injection of funds for rural production activities; Fourth, the community establishes a mechanism for leaders to accompany and inherit, and strengthens the retraining of professional skills involved. Fifth, the community establishes a new brand of nature-friendly agriculture, and continues to innovate and strengthen the new image of the countryside, so that the countryside will still have endless opportunities for development in the process of changing and transforming in response to the times.