泰國華語教育政策下泰北華校之經營困境與轉型策略之研究

泰北華校在困境重重下仍在泰北屹立超過半世紀，隨著時間、社會的變遷，泰北華校也迎來新的局面。轉型是泰北華校必經之路，是否該納入泰國的教育體制取決於學校的作為。轉型是困難的，而決定要轉型是難上加難的。泰北優秀的青年人口流失，泰北華校主事者皆青黃不接，隨著新第一代人的認同改變，華校未來該如何走下去，是困境、是挑戰、是選擇。本研究透過訪問泰北華校在地資深教師、行政主管以及校長，來釐清泰北華校面對的困境，從中了解華校的特質以及其轉型的可能性，進一步分享華校的轉型策略。本研究發現，華校若要轉型首先要合法化，多數華校未能合法化之原因為：（一）校地使用問題；（二）學校法人代表問題；（三）教職員問題。另外，本研究發現泰北華校之歷史特性、外在的經濟與政治對泰北華校的影響也甚大。泰國的教育體制相對開放與寬鬆，對體制外教育與在家自學等教育方式都認同，泰北華校可以往：（一）雙語、國際學校方向發展；（二）泰國體制外教育——才藝班、技職語言專班等方向；（三）成為社區華語文學習中心，提供成年以及終身教育。

關鍵字

泰北華校；轉型；泰國；華語教育政策

並列摘要

The Chinese Schools in Northern Thailand have been standing in North Thailand for more than half a century under difficult circumstances. With the changes of time and society, the Chinese Schools in Northern Thailand have also ushered in a new situation. Transformation is the only way for the Chinese Schools in Northern Thailand. Whether it should be included in the Thai education system depends on the school's actions. Transformation is difficult, and deciding to transform is even more difficult. With the loss of outstanding young people in Northern Thailand, the principals of the Chinese Schools in Northern Thailand are all in short succession. With the change of the first generation of the new generation, how the Chinese school will continue in the future is a dilemma, a challenge, and a choice. This article clarifies the dilemma faced by Chinese Schools in Northern Thailand by interviewing senior teachers, administrators and principals of Chinese Schools in Northern Thailand, learns about the characteristics of Chinese Schools in Northern Thailand and the possibility of its transformation, and shares the transformation strategy Chinese Schools in Northern Thailand. This study found that if Chinese Schools in Northern Thailand are to be transformed, they must first be legalized. The reasons why most Chinese Schools in Northern Thailand are not legalized are: (1) the use of school land; (2) the legal representative of the school; and (3) the staff. In addition, this study found that the historical characteristics, external economics and politics of the Taiwan, China and Thailand had a great influence on the Chinese Schools in Northern Thailand. Thailand’s education system is relatively open and easy, and it agrees with education methods such as out-of-system education and self-learning at home. The Chinese Schools in Northern Thailand can develop towards:(1) bilingual and international schools; (2)technical professional language classes and other directions; and (3) become a community Chinese language learning center, providing adult and lifelong education.