辦公大樓健康室內設計與裝修評估指標之研究

綠建築發展已成為世界性熱門的話題，室內設計與施工是建築物不可或缺的過程，然而頻繁的翻新與改造對環境與健康造成直接和間接的危害，空間規劃時除考量裝修量體多寡，設備系統節約、建材選用、循環經濟、機能使用完善、室內環境品質、營運安全管理精進，智慧便捷設施、感知、辨識、處理制動、自預警自修復功能設備，更應該關注人員舒適、生理、心理及精神方面等健康問題。新建及舊有商辦大樓建設不斷消耗地球資源，造成二氧化碳排放過量和環境污染，基於綠建築生態、節能、減廢、健康及永續發展的目標，本研究運用文獻回顧、專家訪談、李克特度量表、模糊德爾菲問卷調查，歸納統計得分與共識值分析，篩選出四個主要面向及十八個關鍵指標評估項目，並採用層級分析程序法得出影響辦公大樓健康合理指標與權重值排序，透過產業界之綠色協會、建築師及機電技師、室內設計師及工程師、物業管理專案、能源顧問等各類群專家的訪談紀錄及問卷結果，建立出辦公大樓健康室內設計與裝修指標評估體系。研究結果評估第一層權重排序依次是環境品質面39.2%、安全管理面23.0%、機能使用面21.1%、節約循環面16.7%。第二層前五項排序依次是空氣品質管理、空調設備系統節能、空間友善佈局、前期評估與分析、熱健康舒適性…等。商辦大樓室內裝修涉及廣泛且複雜的專業技能，必須整合管理工程的綜合介面，除結構空間造型、美術、色彩學等基本建築元素外，節能生態環保、機電空調消防、建材及設備規格、功能測試調整與平衡、各種標章認證都要涉略，本研究以業務執行角度觀察彙集了綠建築、智慧建築、健康、幸福建築、綠裝修、綠建材協會、室內設計公會等專業人士對此議題進行訪談評論，釐清室內影響健康關鍵因素，建立綠裝修認證的基本架構。建築物是否具有永續環保與健康之功能，應以完工後營運使用期間的持續監測調整與性能驗證，來評斷原始設計是否符合實際人員的健康功能表現，上述研究成果與資訊僅供建築相關從業人員參考應用，當建築物進行改造與室內裝修時，給予正確設計引導與施工方向，期待以營運使用觀點思考綠色健康建築本質，由內而外關注自然生態與健康的環境。本研究結論與建議可供商辦大樓室內設計與裝修工程綠色認證之政策、學術研究評估與專業人士業務推廣執行之參考依據。

關鍵字

綠建築；智慧建築；健康建築；幸福健築；裝修；工程；翻新；整修；改造

並列摘要

The development of green buildings has become a popular topic globally. Interior design and construction are indispensable processes in creating an office building. Nevertheless, frequent renovation and refurbishing projects will cause direct or indirect harm to the environment and human health. In addition to considering the amount of decoration space planning, energy saving of equipment and systems, green building material selection, circular economy, perfect functional use, indoor environment quality, advancement in operation, safety, and management, intelligent and convenient facilities, perception, identification, processing braking, self-warning and self-repairing functional equipment, more attention should be paid to personnel comfort, physiology, psychology, and mental health issues. The construction of new or existing commercial office buildings continuously consumes the earth’s resources, causing excessive carbon dioxide emissions and environmental pollution. Based on the goals of green building ecology, energy saving, waste reduction, healthy, and sustainable development, this study uses literature reviews, expert interviews, Likert metrics special scales, Fuzzy Delphi Method questionnaire survey, summed up statistical scores and consensus value analysis, to screen out four main aspects and eighteen key index evaluation items, and used the Analytic Hierarchy Process method to obtain the reasonable indexes and weighted values that affect the health of office buildings. Through the interview records and questionnaire results of various groups of experts such as green associations, architects, electrical & mechanical technicians, interior designers and engineers, property project management, energy consultants, etc., an evaluation system for healthy interior design and decoration indicators for office buildings is established. Based on the study, the resulting evaluation suggests that for the first level, the weighted values by rank are 39.2% for environmental quality, 23.0% for safety management, 21.1% for functional use, and 16.7% for recycling. The top five items in order for the second level are indoor air quality management, energy-saving of the air-conditioning system, space-friendly layout, preliminary assessment and analysis, thermal health and comfort, etc. The interior decoration of commercial buildings involves a wide range of complex professional skills. It is often necessary to integrate a comprehensive interface of project management. In addition to basic building elements such as structural space modeling, fine arts, and color science, others such as energy-saving, ecological and environmental protection, electrical & mechanical air conditioning and fire protection, green building materials and equipment specifications, functional testing with adjustments and Balances, and various certifications are required. From the perspective of business execution, this study brings together observations from Accredited Professionals in green buildings, intelligent buildings, health, wellbeing buildings, green decoration, green building materials, interior design & construction associations, etc. Interviews were conducted and comments are referenced to clarify the key factors affecting indoor health and establish a basic framework for Green ID+C certification. Whether a building is sustainable in terms of environmental protection and health, continuous monitoring, adjustments, and performance verification during the operation period after completion should be implemented to determine if the original design meets the health performance criteria of the actual personnel. The above research results and information are available to construction-related practitioners. During the interior design decoration and building renovation phases, the study gives correct design guidance and construction directions. From the perspective of building operations, the goal is to think about the inherent characteristics of green buildings and their health and pay attention to the ecology and environmental health of the natural world using an inside-out approach. The conclusions and recommendations of this study can be used as a reference basis for the green certification policy, academic research evaluation, and accredited professional business in promoting the implementation of interior design and construction and decoration of commercial office buildings.