發現我國職業工會的能動性

在工會議題中，職業工會大多不是首要的研究對象，並時常與「勞健保工會」的標籤連結在一起。然而隨著勞動型態的多樣化與各種契機，職業工會有了其他的行動與面向，本文也因此嘗試探索職業工會能動性的潛力。藉由訪談台北市藝術創作者職業工會、台北市醫師職業工會、台北市娛樂公關經紀職業工會，觀察工會行動與結構間的互相影響，看到工會對勞動環境與條件帶來的改變，並進一步檢討非典型工作者在我國勞動政策與法令的適用情形。藉由受訪工會的行動發現：在資本主義與典型勞動契約關係的結構中，需要獲得勞動保護的工作者，不應僅限於適用勞基法的勞工，而是所有依賴勞務給付獲得報酬的人們，同時也反思目前社會結構、勞動研究與政策法令對「勞工」的想像。本文也發現工運經歷是影響職業工會能否能動的重要因素，過往的社運經歷將成為工會能動的養分，給予它們帶來改變的力量，並且認識到工會秘書在勞工研究的缺乏與重要性，建議未來能挖掘或培育具有社會或學生運動經驗的人才。在存有能動性的工會裡，也讓我們看到代辦勞健保的關係，反而成為工會行動的助力，協助帶來更多改變。最後，當職業工會不再只是被視為勞健保工會時，結構將因此存有改變的空間，讓我們窺見職業工會更多的可能性。

關鍵字

職業工會；能動性；勞健保工會

並列摘要

Craft unions are generally not the primary research targets in studies on labor union issues but are often associated with the label “labor/health insurance unions.” However, with the diversification of labor patterns and emergence of various opportunities, craft unions have developed more activity and dimensions. This article, therefore, attempts to explore the development potential of occupational unions. Through interviews with the Taipei Art Creators Union, Taipei Doctors Union, and Taipei Entertainment Worker and Hostess Union, we observed the mutual influence between union activity and structures as well as the changes to labor environments and conditions brought about by these craft unions, in turn evaluating the applicability of Taiwan’s labor policies and laws to atypical workers. Through an analysis of the movements of the unions we interviewed, we found that in a capitalistic labor structure with typical labor contract relationships, workers who require labor protection ought not be limited to those who are subject to standard labor laws but everyone who relies on providing labor for remuneration. We reflected on the idea of “labor” in existing social structures, labor research, and policies and laws. The study also found that labor movement experience is an essential factor affecting whether craft unions can be considered active. Prior social movement experience sustains future union activity and empowers labor unions to make differences. Findings also show that, although union secretaries serve an important role, they are not represented in labor research. Hence, we suggest recruiting or nurturing talent with experience in social or student movements. We observed that active labor unions acting as agents for labor/health insurance were able to boost their activity and make more differences. Finally, when craft unions are no longer merely regarded as labor/health insurance unions, there will be room for structural changes that allow us to find more possibilities for them.