室外冰上活動場凍結影響因子之實驗研究

An experimental study on the factors of freezing for outdoor ice rink

蔡吉宏(Chi-Hung Tsai)

指導教授 ： 蔡尤溪

國立臺北科技大學/機電學院/能源與冷凍空調工程系碩士班/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2014.00126

摘要

本論文研究室外冰上活動場設於台灣之可行性，以北部某企業總部預計建造台灣首例室外冰上活動場為例建立縮小模型進行實驗。本研究以一冰盤作為縮小模型進行凍結影響因子之測試，實驗過程分為室內及室外二階段。室內實驗以風扇模擬風速以及燈具模擬太陽照度，室外實驗置於企業總部預定設置冰場活動處，以實際天氣現況及分三個時段進行測試。
本研究室內實驗採用五種不同風速、四種照度，及不同風速搭配不同照度，共三種模式及十一種實驗。室外實驗則採用三種時段(早、中、晚)進行實驗。為提供穩定低溫滷水供凍結之用，本研究設計製造一台R-404A低溫滷水機及恆溫滷水槽，供應實驗中所需之低溫滷水，溫度可達-10℃。
在環境溫度19.7~20.3℃、相對濕度47~52%條件下，實驗發現風速低於0.3m/s時不會影響冰盤凍結。在環境溫度20.4~21.1℃、相對濕度47~52%條件下，照度低於3248Lux時不會影響冰盤凍結。在環境溫度18.1~19.2℃、相對濕度47~52%條件下，風速低於0.3m/s及照度低於3248Lux時，不會影響冰盤凍結。在室外實驗部份，在環境溫度17.1~18.7℃、相對濕度70~75%條件下，實驗發現不會影響冰盤凍結。
由實驗發現影響冰盤凍結因子可分為三個部份，第一是環境溫度不可過高，第二是環境風速須控制在0.3m/s以下，第三是環境照度強度須控制3248Lux以下。這其中風速影響最為嚴重，建議需做擋風及遮陽之措施，如此可確保凍結品質及最大經濟效益。實驗也發現，若冰面形成時間太短，則冰表面易受凍脹影響，但是凍結時間具有商業價值，凍結時間太長，則冰上活動場使用率不佳，因此凍結時間須在可接受控制之時間內。

關鍵字

室外冰上活動場 ； 凍結 ； 滷水機 ； 輻射照度 ； 風速

並列摘要

The feasibility of outdoor ice rink in Taiwan is studied. The first outdoor ice rink at a company headquarter in planning in northern Taiwan was used a Case study. A small scale experiment was set up to test the factors of freezing quality. Both indoor and outdoor experiments were carried out. Fans were used indoor to simulate the air velocity, and lighting was used to simulate the solar radiation. Outdoor experiments were carried out at the company headquarter that had an outdoor ice rink in planning.
For the indoor experiments, five different air speeds, four different lighting intensities, variation of air speed and light intensity were tested. There were altogether eleven experiments. For the outdoor experiments, different times in a day were tested, morning, afternoon and night time. A low temperature brine chiller was design and constructed for the freezing experiments. The brine temperature could reach below -10℃。
The test results show that at ambient temperature 19.7~20.3℃, and relative humidity 47~52%, air speed under 0.3m/s would not affect the water freezing. At ambient temperature 20.4~21.1℃, and relative humidity 47~52%, radiation intensity below 3248Lux would not affect the water freezing. It was found that at temperature 18.1~19.2℃ and relative humidity 47~52%, when air speed below 0.3m/s and radiation intensity below 3248Lux, freezing would not be affected.
The experimental results show that there are three important factors to be considered in the design. First the ambient temperature should not be too high. Second key factor is the air speed flow over the ice be kept at below 0.3m/s. The third is the radiation intensity be controlled below 3248Lux. Of the above the air speed is the most critical. It is suggested that shielding from air flow and solar heat be designed so to maintain good quality of ice freezing and economic return. It is also discussed that quick freezing of ice would cause heaving problem. However quick freezing is good for operation of ice rink. Therefore the control of freezing time is also another factor in the design of ice rink.

並列關鍵字

Outdoor ice rink ； freezing ； rine chiller ； radiation intensity ； air velocity

參考文獻

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