集合住宅外牆磁磚劣化評估工具建立之研究

A Research on the Degradation of Ceramic Titles of External walls and the Establishment of the Evaluation Tools for Residential Collection.

林禮德(Li-De LIN)

指導教授 ： 楊詩弘

國立臺北科技大學/設計學院/建築與都市設計研究所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2011.00140

摘要

磁磚是台灣地區外牆最常使用之材料，近年來磁磚劣化影響安全的事件不絕於耳，以維護與改善環境安全為前提下，本研究以外牆磁磚在建築物由完工使用後經歷十年以上的時間，建築物外牆所產生的磁磚劣化掉落造成影響安全事件為動機進行探討，對於外牆磁磚劣化的認定與管理與維護改善之標準與機制，行政機關並無明確針對並對其有所探討。有鑑於此本研究將探討如何改善此種現象，研究範圍選定台北市既有國宅，透過國宅存在大規模與興建年份與外牆材料種類之分佈平均之特性，進行調查。以文獻蒐集、探討外牆管理法令機制、現地調查、AHP專家問卷等方法，探討外牆磁磚劣化影響安全之因素，建立影響因子與權重序位提出針對外牆磁磚劣化之改善評估方法及具體改善之評估基準。
本研究對改善外牆磁磚劣化影響安全之改善對策提出下列結論：
一、外牆磁磚劣化影響安全因子的確認與建立影響權重
經由現況調查與文獻彙整，外牆磁磚劣化的影響因子包含磁磚劣化形式、磁磚劣化範圍、磁磚劣化位置，而造成影響環境安全因子包含於建築物基地內環境與周邊的建築物設置區位、建築物周邊環境、建築物基地配置等因子。

二、指標驗證
運用指標公式針對研究案例外牆進行驗證，研究範圍之建築立面得到等級三應即刻維護之立面數量有21面、等級二限期改善之立面有37面，如此即是說明，研究案例之立面多數存在影響安全之風險，應改善維護。
三、外牆磁磚劣化影響環境安全改善指標與評估表
(一)外牆面單一磁磚劣化影響分數
E(單一磁磚劣化影響分數)=B(磁磚劣化形式分數)+H(磁磚劣化位置分數)+R(磁磚劣化範圍分數)
(二)外牆磁磚劣化形式影響環境安全評估指標公式
W(外牆磁磚劣化形式影響安全評估)=E(單一磁磚劣化影響分數)+(U(建築物設置區位分數)+P(建築物周邊環境分數)+S(建築物基地配置分數))
(三)專用檢查評估表
在提供一般住宅使用上提供簡易型評估表針對一般檢查與了解住宅性能評估外牆安全使用；再者提供機關檢查外牆磁磚劣化影響環境安全進行評估使用之機關用檢查評估表。
本研究針對現有住宅外牆磁磚劣化情形進行評估分級，分析是否應進行住宅外牆磁磚的維護改善，以改善居家環境安全為首要目標，並以本研究之成果探討日後對應建築物外牆磁磚劣化管理改善之具體參考，建立具體管理法則，提出改善現有其他類別建築物外牆磁磚劣化影響環境安全之情形。

關鍵字

環境安全 ； 外牆磁磚劣化 ； 改善評估方法

並列摘要

Ceramic tile is the most common material of the wall in Taiwan. The degradation of the ceramic titles were often heard recent years. As a precondition to protect and improve the safety of the environment. It was discuss about the degradation of ceramic titles outside the building which was built over thirty years might be dangerous in my research. To indentify the degradation of the wall and the standard of management and protection, Government has no straightforward orientation to it. Due to we will discuss how to improve the phenomenon we mentioned, so we chose the government housing in Taipei city. Through the characteristics of the large- scale of the government housing, by the year they was built and the kinds of the materials using on the wall to the survey. With collecting the literatures, discussing the management and mechanism of the external wall, site investigation and questionnaires of AHP expert to talk about the reason why degradation of the external wall will cause some safety problems. I summarized some impact factors and some focal points in order to put forward the evaluation to improve the degradation of external walls and the standard of the improvement.
There are the summarizes for how to improve the safety problems that the degradation of external walls cause as follows,
First, to confirm the safety problems of the degradation of external walls and see which affect the most.
Via the site investigation and the collecting the literatures, the impact factors of the degradation of external walls include the form, the scope and the position. Due to those reasons, they caused some impact factors of the environment which include the environment of building sites, the location of buildings, the surrounding of buildings and configuration of building sites.
Second, target validation.
To apply formula to focus on the validation of the examination, there are 21 building standings get in third level in this examination project should be protected Immediately, and there are 37 building standings get in second level should be improved alloted time. Therefore, most of the building standings hidden many security issue in this examination project, should be improved Immediately.
Third, environment security issue of the wall ceramic-tile degradation and checklist.
Wall side ceramic-tile degradation formula:
E(grade of ceramic-tile degradation)=B(grade of ceramic-tile degradation form type)+H(grade of the ceramic-tile degradation position)+R(grade of ceramic-tile degradation area)
Environment security issue assessment formula of the wall side ceramic-tile degradation type affected :
W(security assessment affected of the ceramic-tile degradation type)=E(grade of ceramic-tile degradation)+U(grade of the building location)+P(grade of the building periphery environment)+S(grade of the building site plan)

1. Dedicated checklist.
To provide simple evaluation to check and find out the residential properties that making sure the external walls using in safe way in general housing. Additionally, to provide the checking from the institution to evaluate if the degradation of external walls would cause the safety problems with the dedicated checklists.
This research focuses on the evaluation and classification of government housing in Taipei city in order to analyze if it should be improved and protected of government housing. To improve the security around the house for the main target, and put forward the consequence in this research of managing and improving the degradation of ceramic tiles outside the external walls as a reference. To built some rules to manage and put forward some situations about the degradation of ceramic tiles outside the external walls in other buildings.

並列關鍵字

Environment Security ； Wall Side Ceramic-tile Degradation ； Assess Method of Improvement

參考文獻

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