閥調式鉛酸蓄電池使用於小型電能儲存系統性能之研究

傳統的鉛酸蓄電池一直被普遍地使用於提供汽機車、照明系統、發電機系統啟動、移動式電動機具及不斷電系統等電力電源，直到目前的再生能源的蓬勃發展，有較多數量的鉛酸蓄電池被使用在太陽能光伏發電系統，作為電能儲存及供電等用途。由於鉛酸電池的開發較早，可製造成大容量且較安定及便宜，因此消費者在電能儲存上較其地種類的蓄電池較具信心。　　一般鉛酸電池的重量太重，並不適用於筆記型電腦、手機及平板電腦等移動式器材。在環保方面，鉛是重金屬且汙染性高，但其原料可回收再利用，且已經行之有年，只要落實回收再利用就沒有環保議題的顧慮。目前閥調式的鉛酸蓄電池共分為吸附式(AGM)與凝膠式(GEL)兩大類。本研究的方法是以閥調式鉛酸蓄電池建置兩套小型的電能儲存系統，利用太陽能板轉換直流DC電能，經過電能轉換器將電能儲存至吸附式與凝膠式兩種電池，再由電池轉換為交流電AC110V，提供一般家用小型電器設備當作負載測試。本研究的成果是經過長時間實驗及觀察儲存電能之電量與電池可提供電力的時間特性，經由分析其電能儲存的功效，比較出哪一種型式的蓄電池性能較為優異，其成果可供產學界在應用參考用。

關鍵字

閥調式；鉛酸電池；吸附式；凝膠式；電能儲存

並列摘要

Traditional lead-acid batteries have been used to supply power to automobiles and motorcycles, lighting systems, generator startups, portable electric machines, and uninterruptible power supplies. Renewable energy has rapidly developed and lead-acid batteries are frequently employed in solar photovoltaic power generation systems, providing electrical energy storage and a power supply. Because lead-acid batteries were applied for development earlier than other types of batteries did, and are stable, inexpensive, as well as provide a high capacity, consumers are more confident using lead-acid batteries compared with other types. Typical lead-acid batteries are heavy and ill-suited for mobile devices such as laptop and tablet computers, and cell phones. Regarding the environmental concerns, lead is a heavy metal pollutant; however, lead recycling and reuse have been employed for years, resolving concerns of lead pollution. Currently, valve-regulated lead-acid batteries are classified into the absorptive glass mat (AGM) and gel types. The researcher employed valve-regulated lead-acid batteries to construct two small-scale electrical energy storage systems. Solar panels were used to convert solar energy into DC power and a power converter was used to store electrical energy in AGM and gel-type batteries; the electrical energy was then converted into AC power at 110 V to load test small household appliances. Through a long-period experiment and observation of the temporal association between battery energy storage and power supply. The performance levels of each battery type were compared by analyzing the efficacy of battery energy storage. The results should provide a reference for industry practitioners and academics.