降壓型切換式整流器應用在鋰電池串並聯均勻充電之研究

A STUDY OF STEP-DOWN SWITCHING MODE RECTIFIER AND APPLICATION OF SERIAL-PARALLEL BALANCE CHARGING FOR LI-ION BATTERY ARRAYS

林書漢(Shu-Han Lin)

指導教授 ： 李清元

大同大學/電機資訊學院/電機工程學系所/碩士(2004年)

摘要

本文主旨在提出一新降壓型切換式整流器，以縮小整體體積為目的，並應用在鋰電池串並聯均勻充電器上。此降壓型切換式整流器直接與單相市電連接並取市電的同步訊號以達到同步控制，經濾波成平穩直流後再經由直流降壓轉換器來對鋰電池作串並聯充電。
充電器的架構上是採用直流/直流降壓型轉換器。當串聯充電時，配合一低能量散逸模組與電池並聯，可將較高電壓之電池的能量傳送到較低電壓之電池，以達到均勻充電。當並聯充電時，利用開關切換的方式以保持每一個電池充電電流相等，以避免因電池內阻的不同造成不平衡充電。並配合適當的軟硬體保護架構，使每一個電池之充電電流過大時，能適時的加以保護，以確保系統的安全。
最後，系統中使用英特爾 80196微處理器，配合適切的軟體來建構上述所提出的方法，來達到低能量散逸的鋰電池串聯均勻充電系統，並以實作之軟硬體驗證所提出之理論。

關鍵字

充電器 ； 切換式整流器 ； 鋰電池

並列摘要

The purpose of this thesis is to develop a step-down switching mode rectifier (SMR), which is used to reduce the whole system volume and achieve serial-parallel balance charging of the Li-ion battery arrays. The single phase step-down SMR connects with utility power and catch the synchronous signal of utility power to achieve synchronous control. By using LC filter to obtain a stable DC voltage, then charging serial-parallel Li-ion battery by DC/DC buck converter.
The battery charger is DC/DC buck converter. In serial charging mode, using low-dissipative circuit which parallels the battery can transfer excess energy from the higher voltage battery to the lower one to achieve balance charging. In parallel charging mode, utilizing the method of switching can maintain the equal charging current in each battery to avoid the different battery internal resistance which is caused unbalance charging. While the charging current in the system is over the battery limit, it can protect the security of the system by using the configuration of protection software-hardware properly.
Finally, a single-chip microprocessor 80196 is used in this system and an experimental hardware scheme with software algorithm is established to prove the proposed principle in expectation to attain low-dissipative energy of serial-parallel Li-ion battery balance charging system.

並列關鍵字

Li-ion battery charger ； SMR

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