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  • 學位論文

移動式機器人之電池管理與自動充電系統

The Battery Management and Auto-Recharging Systems for Mobile Robot

指導教授 : 王榮爵
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摘要


本論文主要為移動式機器人設計電池管理系統、充電站以及自動充電方法。首先使用鋰鐵磷電池(LiFePO4)設計機器人的電力系統(鋰電池組,36 V/20 Ah),並為鋰電池組設計電源管理系統。然後為機器人設計專用的充電站,充電站為機器人的充電裝置,包含兩組充電器、充電站管理系統(電腦)與自動充電機構。自動充電方法則應用影像辨識方法,輔助機器人自動歸位完成充電。 電池管理系統之電池保護板功能有:過充過放保護、電池殘電量估測、單電池電壓平衡與監控、隔離式非同步串列(UART)通訊等。充電站同時可提供兩套動力電池組之快速充電,其一為可抽換式之動力電池組,另一為安置於移動式機器人內之動力電池組;充電站之管理系統負責兩套電池組之充電管理與安全保護。自動充電方法則採用影像辨識原理,識別充電站位置,導航機器人執行自動歸位充電,其流程為:首先使用網路攝影機(Webcam)擷取充電站的目標圖像,經由個人電腦端進行影像處理與辨識,然後計算機器人歸位所需的修正路徑,再控制機器人伺服馬達動作,完成機器人自動歸位並自動進行充電。 實測上電池保護板可以在電池異常時切斷電源,並警示使用者,使用者也能透過UART通訊介面,對電池模組做監控;電池電壓平衡程序也能確實使每顆電池組電壓差距在0.1 V以內,以確保電池組在額定容量內,不會因為電壓異常而提早關閉。在機器人自動充電實測上,機器人能成功自動歸位,並約在一小時充電完畢無須人員看守。另外,充電站也提供備用動力電池組,隨時提供使用者自行更換,使機器人能即時回到工作崗位。

並列摘要


This thesis researches the battery management system (BMS), the charging station, and auto-recharging approach for the mobile robot. The lithium (LiFePO4) batteries with BMS are design as the major power source of the robot which consist the power battery pack and protection boards. The charging station consists of two independent battery chargers, the management system of charging station by computer, and charging devices. The image recognition methods are used for the auto-recharging process to complete the robotic auto-recharging. The functions of the battery management system includes the capacity estimation and the protection of overcharge and overdischarge for the battery packs, the voltage monitor and the voltage balance for the single battery cell, and the isolation UART communication interface. The charging station provides fast charging for the removable battery packs and the battery packs of the robot at the same time. The computer management system in the charging station provides the charging management and protection for two battery packs. The auto-recharging approach applies the image recognition methods to complete the robotic auto-recharging: 1. The images of the charging station are captured by Webcam. 2. The charging station is recognized by the image processing methods. 3. Correct the required distance for robot's final position. 4. Remote motor to correct movement. 5. The robot is close to the charging station and completes the robotic auto-recharging. In the experimental results, the battery management system can cut off the power output of the battery packs and alert users when the battery packs occurs anomaly. The battery voltage balance circuits can uniformly charge every battery cell and the voltage difference of every battery cell is less than 0.1 V. The robot can be successfully close to the charging station and complete the recharging of the robotic battery packs about one hour. In addition, the charging station can also provide another backup power battery pack for the mobile robot.

參考文獻


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被引用紀錄


林書淵(2013)。智慧型鋰電池電源管理與充電系統〔碩士論文,國立虎尾科技大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6827/NFU.2013.00020

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