可遠端更新之無線感測網路設計應用於空氣品質監控系統

Study of Remote Upgradeable Wireless Sensor Network Design and Its Application to Indoor Air Quality Monitoring System

邢輔元(Fu-Yuan Hsing)

指導教授 ： 李仁貴

國立臺北科技大學/電資學院/電腦與通訊研究所/碩士(2013年)

摘要

室內空氣品質監測系統結合無線感測網路(Wireless Sensor Networks, WSN)有易於佈建和不需人員操作的優點。但是更新感測節點程式的線上燒錄(In-System Programming, ISP)方法，需要收集每個節點和連接到電腦“燒錄”新程式，如此感測節點部屬後如需管理和維護，將會耗費大量人力。因此，本研究提出一個無線感測網路的遠端更新方法，管理人員可以從後端顯示平台發送需要更新的程式碼，新程式碼經過資料收集閘道器分成數個封包傳送給感測節點作更新，以修復程式的錯誤，或為感測節點增加新功能等，減少管理成本。本研究所提出的系統有以下特點：(1)感測節點自主更新。新程式碼的封包於IEEE802.15.4協議下的傳輸，都是由資料收集閘道器以及無線感測節點之間做協調，不需管理人員介入。(2)本研究在系統中加入封包遺失通知模式，提升遠端更新的成功率，並依據系統的需求改進方法，使更新效率提升77.20%。(3)本研究為了節省微處理器的使用空間，於不含作業系統(OS-less)的無線感測網路平台上開發遠端更新裝置。與同樣為模組化方式更新的SOS核心相比減少70.96％的記憶體使用量，與遠端增量連結之節能重新編譯的感測網路相比減少54.62％的記憶體使用量。

關鍵字

無線感測網路 ； 遠端更新 ； 重新編譯 ； 室內空氣品質

並列摘要

Indoor air quality monitoring system integrates wireless sensor network with some benefits of easy installation and operating without staff on duty. But there are two main defections while reprogram sensors in traditional methods, too much cost and power wasted, since each node needs to be recycled from the original place and physically attached to a computer to program new codes. Therefore, we proposed a research, “Study of Remote Upgradeable Wireless Sensor Network Design and Its Application to Indoor Air Quality Monitoring System.”
In this research, new codes begin from the remote terminal server, then be transferred to the sensor nodes after being divided into several packets through the gateway for updating programs, fixing bugs and replacing program modules. The most being challenged things are management and maintenance tasks, and the solution to address these challenges is to enable sensor networks to be programmable.
Our system has the following features: (1) The update of the sensor nodes is autonomous, gateway will transfer it to sensor nodes through IEEE802.15.4 protocol without administrator’s intervening. (2) System will add “packets-loss notification mode” to improve the success rate of remote updating, this improvement is according to system requirement. In the end, the updating speed increase 77.20%. (3) In order to save the usage of memory on MCU, our system is built in OS-less environment. Finally, the memory usage has reduced 70.96% which is more than another updating method of loadable modules, SOS. In addition, our memory usage reduces 54.62% than remote incremental linking for energy-efficient reprogramming of sensor networks.

並列關鍵字

Wireless sensor networks ； Remote upgrade ； Reprogramming ； Indoor air quality

參考文獻

[13] 黃淑瑩，無線化多氣體濃度監測系統之研製，研究論文，台北科技大學，電腦與通訊研究所，台北，2012。

[15] 林敬庭，即時無線感測網路之IEEE 802.15.4時槽型CSMA/CA分析與改善，研究論文，台北科技大學，電腦與通訊研究所，台北，2009。

[2] WHO, “Air quality and health”.[Online].Available: http://www.who.int

[10] 何政利，智慧無線感測系統之研製並應用於室內空氣品質監測，碩士論文，國立台北科技大學，電腦與通訊研究所，台北，2010。

[17] H. Mukhtar, B. W. Kim, B. S. Kim, and S.-S. Joo, “An efficient remote code update mechanism for wireless sensor networks,” in Proc. IEEE MILCOM’09, pp. 2010-2016, 2009.