運用於四行程機車引擎之啟動扭力降低研究

An Investigation on Cranking Torque Reduction for Four-Stroke Motorcycle Engine

林信宏(Hsin-Hong Lin)

指導教授 ： 吳浴沂

國立臺北科技大學/機電學院/車輛工程系所/碩士(2012年)

摘要

為了降低車輛的油耗與污染排放，怠速熄火（idling-stop）的功能漸漸受到重視，以達到油耗與汙染的降低，但也因而使得啟動馬達的操作頻率大大增加，電瓶以及啟動馬達的壽命也受到影響，為了延長啟動馬達的壽命，啟動扭力降低是不可缺少的機制。
本研究之啟動扭力降低方法，首先在機車熄火過程中利用行程判別技術與一體式馬達/發電機搭配可程式引擎控制系統的控制策略，使引擎熄火後能讓曲軸最終停止位置避開壓縮行程，藉此可避免四行程內燃機之曲軸於熄火後若恰停於壓縮行程，以致在下一次內燃機重新啟動時活塞需承受汽缸內的氣體壓力，使得啟動馬達必須提供較大的扭力，也因此造成啟動馬達耗損較快及電池的規格大型化等問題。而當引擎於再次啟動時一體式馬達/發電機亦能輔助原有啟動馬達搖轉內燃機曲軸，使啟動馬達瞬間輸出功率降低，亦即輸出之扭力降低，如此一來即可延長啟動馬達的壽命，且一體式馬達/發電機仍究可以在一般行使模式時針對整車電系供電。最後進行系統測試，由測試結果驗證本研究之策略在引擎啟動過程中確實可以達到啟動扭力降低之目的。

關鍵字

啟動扭力降低 ； 熄火定位 ； 馬達/發電機 ； 怠速熄火

並列摘要

In order to reduce the emissions and improve the fuel consumption of scooter engines, idling-stop gradually regards as the key technology to solve this problem. However, the frequency of using starter motor is increased which affects the life time of battery and starter motor. For extending the life time of starter motor, a strategy of cranking torque reduction is needed.
This research incorporates the stroke identification and the starter/generator with the programmable engine controller which allows the crankshaft not stops at compression stroke while the engine is turned off. Therefore, after the engine is turned off, this method could avoid the crankshaft remained at the bottom dead center of compression stroke which will result in the demand of higher cranking torque to overcome the compression pressure during the next cranking. As a matter of fact, higher cranking torque will conduct the problems on the reduction of starter motor life time and the enlargement of battery size. The starter/motor could also be worked in motor mode to assist the starter motor to crank the engine, and hence the instantaneous power provided by the starter motor could be reduced to extend its life time. The motor/generator will be operated in generator mode during vehicle operation for supplying the electric power. Finally, the experimental results show that these strategies could reduce the cranking torque of starter motor while the engine is cranking.

並列關鍵字

Torque reduction ； Stop control ； Starter/Generator ； idling-stop

參考文獻

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