火災模擬(FDS)應用於老舊住宅防火對策之研究

舊社區火警頻傳，以及老舊社區火災常因住宅內部建築裝潢及消防安全設備缺乏、電器老舊或超載使用、管線老舊、設置鐵窗、巷道狹窄、違建加蓋、逃生梯堆積雜物等情形，增加住宅火災危險性等等問題存在，常是造成火災無法立即撲滅以及造成人命傷亡的主要因素，亦是造成延燒擴大的主因。雖然在偏遠鄉鎮的老舊住宅較沒有搶救不易以及巷道狹小的問題，但是在偏遠地區的救災資源相對較少的情況下火災的預防工作以及自主避難逃生的規劃也是有相當的重要性。本文將透過過去老舊住宅的災例分析、現有的消防安全設備的利用以及火災模擬系統 FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator ) 最新版本 5.3版以實際案例分別對照來研擬老舊住宅防火之對策。

關鍵字

老舊社區；消防安全； FDS ；住宅火災

並列摘要

Fire breaks out frequently in old communities, as it is commonly seen in these communities that there are many problems such as lack of fire safety knowledge and equipment in the interior designs, old or abused electric appliances, old wiring, installation of steel bars on windows, narrow alleys, illegal addition to structures, improper use of stairwell as storage space, to name a few. These problems increase fire hazard to residences, and often become primary causes of failure to extinguish fire immediately and casualties, or even propagation into a disaster. There may not be the problems of difficulty in rescue and narrow alleys in the old communities in rural area, but on the other hand, the rescue resources are usually scarce in remote locations, and therefore it is important to have precautions against fire and a comprehensive planning of evacuation and escape in the events of fire. The study intended to develop a strategy for firefighting in old communities by comparing real-life cases using case analysis of historic fires in old communities, current use of fire safety equipment and employment of the latest Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) v5.3.