AES編解碼演算法於無線門禁系統之設計與實作

無線射頻辨識系統應用相當廣泛，包括門禁卡、悠遊卡及電子錢包等，本研究使用主動式RFID，手持設備和家用讀取設備皆為雙向系統，不需像被動式門禁卡需貼近讀取器動作，系統低頻部份使用125kHz電磁感應，不易被水或金屬物干擾，不需刻意將手持設備拿在手中，放入公事包或口袋即可自動感應，而微波使用 2.4 GHz傳輸密碼格式。在傳輸操作模式中，系統接收端干擾和雜訊是無可必免的，如何使系統具備抗干擾和抗雜音的能力，是系統韌體寫法需考慮的，RFID密碼系統強度不足，容易被破解導致損失財物，本研究搭配微控制器編寫高等加密標準編解碼演算法實現密碼傳輸，與低頻特殊編解碼架構實現硬體設計，以達到無線系統密碼之高強度與安全性。本研究使用三軸電感與高接收靈敏度之低頻晶片增加感應距離，並以特殊編解碼解決了多張RFID卡無無法在同一時間感應的問題。為增強系統保密性，本研究採用AES演算法實作感應與搖控分別可達1公尺及8公尺距離之高強度無線門禁系統。

關鍵字

高等加解密演算法；射頻收發器；數位無線系統；無線門禁系統

並列摘要

Radio frequency identification (RFID) system is applied extensively, including in access control cards, EasyCard and E-wallet. This study adopts active RFID. The hand-held unit and in-home unit are two-way systems and do not require close-up readings as the passive access control card. For the low frequency part, 125 kHz electromagnetic induction is used, which is not subject to disturbance by water or metals and can sense automatically in a briefcase or pocket without holding the equipment. 2.4GHz code transfer format is applied for microwave. In the transfer operation mode, interference and static in the system’s receiving-end are inevitable, thus how to allow the system to be with the capabilities of anti-interference and anti-static must be considered in the system firmware writing. The RFID code system is with insufficient intensity and subject to be deciphered, which may lead to financial and property losses. This study uses micro controller in realization of code transfer by writing advanced encryption standard (AES) encoding and decoding algorithm, and realization of hardware design by low frequency encoding and decoding framework, to achieve high intensity and security of wireless code system. This study uses three-axis inductance and high sensitivity low-frequency control chip to increase the access distance with specific codec approach to resolve the problem resulting from using multiple RFID cards simultaneously. With hardware implementation of the AES algorithm, the security of the wireless access system can be strengthened. Experimental results showed that the access distance can be reach at the 1 m and 8 m with induce and remote control, respectively.

並列關鍵字

Advanced Encryption Standard ； Radio Frequency (RF) Transceiver ； Digital Wireless System ； Wireless Access Control System

參考文獻

[1]M. Kim, J. Ryou, Y. Choi, and S. Jun, “Low-cost Cryptographic Circuits for Authentication in Radio Frequency Identification Systems,” International Symposium on Consumer Electronics, ISCE, pp.1-5, June, 2006.

[2]S. Chiu, I. Kipnis, M. Loyer, J. Rapp, D. Westberg, J. Johansson, and P. Johansson, “A 900MHz UHF RFID reader transceiver IC,” Solid-State Circuits Conference, 2007. ISSCC 2007. Digest of Technical Papers. IEEE International,pp.214-598, february ,2007.

[3]A. Ricci, M. Grisanti, and I. D. Munari, “Design of a Low-Power Digital Core for Passive UHF RFID Transponder,” Proceedings of the 9th EUROMICRO Conference on Digital System Design: Architectures, Methods and Tools, pp.561-568, August, 2006.

[4]M. Feldhofer and L. Wolkerstorfer, “Strong Crypto for RFID Tags-A Comparison of Low-Power Hardware Implementations,” IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, pp.1839-1842, May, 2007.

[5]NIST, “Advanced Encryption Standard (AES),”FIPS PUBS 197, November, 2001.

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AES編解碼演算法於無線門禁系統之設計與實作

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