雖然石化工業區為非甲烷碳氫化合物的大型排放單體,但國內煉油業與塑膠產業非甲烷碳氫化合物年排放量80,935公頓/年少於公路運輸年排放量173,087公頓/年,且交通污染源常分布於人口稠密的城市中,顯示交通源排放揮發性有機化合物對居民健康風險影響有較大的潛勢。 本研究分別以A縣某石化工業區及台北市各大路段作為石化工業區面源及城市交通線源之研究案例,利用大氣污染擴散評估軟體AERMOD進行揮發性有機化合物擴散評估,並個別對石化工業區及城市交通源周遭居民進行健康風險評估,以了解污染源排放對周遭居民的影響與比較兩案例影響程度。 研究結果指出,台北地區NMHC濃度較A縣某石化工業區周遭地區高,以平均濃度計算,石化案例地區NMHC濃度(平均濃度10.52ppb)僅約為台北案例地區NMHC濃度(平均濃度121.30ppb)的1/11。 台北案例地區與石化案例地區居民皆無顯著非致癌健康風險,石化案例地區急性有害指數HIa最大值為6.37×10^(-4),平均值為1.73×10^(-4),慢性有害指數HIc最大值為2.78×10^(-2),平均值為7.55×10^(-3);台北案例地區急性有害指數HIa最大值為2.69×10^(-2),平均值為4.81×10^(-3),慢性有害指數HIc最大值為6.08×10^(-1),平均值為1.09×10^(-1)。 台北案例地區各模擬網格致癌風險度最大值為 1.03×10^(-3),平均值為1.84×10^(-4),多數網格大於一般可接受風險範圍,主要影響物種為1,3-butadiene;石化案例地區各模擬網格致癌風險度最大值為1.52×10^(-4),平均值為4.12×10^(-5),部分地區大於一般可接受風險範圍,主要影響物種為Formaldehyde。台北案例地區終生人均壽命損失為64.8天/人,石化案例地區則為7.3天/人;總損失餘命台北為122,068,616人日,A縣某石化工業區為748,205人日。
Though petroleum industry is one of the main NMHC source units in Taiwan, the total volum of traffic source NMHC emission, 173,087 tons per year, is bigger than the total volum of petroleum industry NMHC emission, 80,935 tons per year. And since traffic source is closer to the public than industry source, Health risk of residents coused by traffic source NMHC emission would greater than petroleum industry NMHC emission. In this study, choosing A petroleum industry area and Taipei downtown area as the study sites. Modeling NMHC increasing concentration with AERMOD model and calculate health risk of residents, assessing NMHC pollution impact. The result shows that NMHC concentration in Taipei downtown is greater than the area around A petroleum industry area NMHC concentration. Concerntration around petroleum industry (average 10.52ppb) is only 1/11 of concertration of Taipei (average 121.30ppb). There is no obviously non-cancer risk on both sites. Maximum HIa around petroleum indutry is6.37×10^(-4), and average is 1.73×10^(-4). Maximum HIc around petroleum industry is2.78×10^(-2), and average is7.55×10^(-3). Maximum HIa in Taipei is 2.69×10^(-2), and average is 4.81×10^(-3). Maximum HIc in Taipei is 6.08×10^(-1), and average is 1.09×10^(-1). Cancer risk of Taipei residents (maximum is 1.03×10^(-3), average is 1.84×10^(-4)) and residents live around A petroleum industry(maximum is 1.52×10^(-4), and average is 4.12×10^(-5)) are not acceptable. Total life expect lost in Taipei is 122,068,616 days, and average is 64.8 days per person. Total life expect lost around petroleum industry is 748,205 days, and average is 7.3 days per person.