建築施工損鄰事件鑑定作業模式之研究

經濟發展加速了都市化的程度，為滿足高度集中的人口居住、工作、生活及經濟活動之需求，因此各式建築物因應而生，為充分利用都市內有限之土地資源，新式建築物常緊依鄰房而建，並朝深層化及高層化發展，因此在興建過程中稍一不慎即易導致損鄰事件之發生。此時如未能依循相關法令，採取有效措施迅速解決爭端，將衍生一連串之抗爭事件，嚴重浪費社會成本且導致民怨。目前各地方政府對於損鄰事件之處理，均遵循直轄市及縣(市)建築物工程施工損害鄰房事件處理程序之相關規定辦理，並於損鄰事件發生後均會要求建損雙方進行損鄰鑑定，而後再依損鄰鑑定報告之結果進行協調。因此，損鄰事件之鑑定作業在爭議處理上居於關鍵地位，如何建立一套專業、客觀、公正且完善之鑑定制度，以為鑑定人所依循，進而定紛止爭，實為刻不容緩之事。因此，本研究藉由文獻回顧、損鄰事件成因及類型、對建方及受損戶等行為主體之影響、法源依據及損鄰處理程序之重要條文說明與內容比較、各行為主體之主要行為模式、現行現況鑑定及損鄰鑑定作業內容等項目進行分析與探討，以期改善施工損鄰事件之處理作業及鑑定作業。為期能降低損鄰事件之爭議，減少民怨及社會成本之衝擊，本研究建議儘速修訂充實各地方政府之建築工程施工損害鄰房事件處理程序及鑑定手冊；鑑定機構之選定由雙方協商；修復賠償費用之標準單價應由各地方政府統一訂定；損鄰之賠償金額，如有涉及結構體安全之補償費用，應立法規範須強制用於補強結構體安全；受損結構傾斜率大於1/200且小於1/40時，鑑定機構應編列結構體工程性補償費用。

關鍵字

損鄰事件；鑑定作業；處理程序

並列摘要

Because the economic degree of urbanization with higher speed of fast development, in order to meet highly centralized living, the demands of working, life and relevant economic activities of city population, so the various types of buildings are coming, in order to fully utilize the limited land resource in the city, new-type building often urgent to build in accordance with neighbor, take towards deep layer and high level , so one is not careful it is easy to damage adjacent property by construction. If fail to take the effective measure to solve the dispute rapidly in accordance with following relevant regulations and laws of government at this moment, will derive a succession of conflict, even waste the social cost and cause resentment seriously. Every local government follows the municipality directly under the Central Government and county for the dealing procedure of the adjacent property damage caused by construction at present. Local government will demand constructor and owner of adjacent property to assess after happenning adjacent property damage, and then coordinate in accordance with the result of report. So, how to set up a set of professional, objective, just and perfect assessment systems, thought the assessor was in accordance with following, and then stopped conflict for confusingly definitely, it was a very urgent thing in fact. So, this research is with document retrospect, the reason and type of adjacent property damage, for influence in constructor and owner of adjacent property,etc., basis of regulation and law, important clause of adjacent property damage for dealing procedure with the content comparing, the behavior mode of every main behavior, current present situation and adjacent property damage assessment analysis and reserch , in hope of improving the events of constructing damage on work pattern for dealing and assessment. For reducing the dispute of adjacent property damage caused by construction, minimize the impacts of resentment and social cost, this research proposes revising and substantiating every local government on dealing procedure and assessment manual of adjacent property damage caused by construction as quickly as possible; The selection of the assess organization is consulted by both sides; The standard unit price which repairs the damages should be stipulated in unison by every local government; the amount of money of compensation of adjacent property damage, if involve the compensation expenses of the structure safty, should be make a specification which must be used for reinforcing the structure; The sloping rate of damaged structure is big when 1/200 and smaller than 1/40, the assess organization must compile the engineering compensation expenses of the structure.