高齡者床緣坐姿起身輔助裝置

Assistive Device for Standing-up from Bed

邱彥凱(Yen-Kai Chiu)

指導教授 ： 黃子坤

國立臺北科技大學/設計學院/創新設計研究所/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2013.00563

摘要

床緣移位跌倒導致高齡者受傷或跌倒占全體比例中的63.1％。高齡者因骨骼、關節、肌肉系統的退化，造成活動能力的下降，並導致臥床起身不便。高齡者從床緣坐姿起身的風險包括，第一，當高齡者起身改變姿勢時，因身體重心改變造成非意願性姿勢失去平衡；第二，改變姿勢會引起短暫性血壓降低而暈眩等症狀；第三，下肢較無力的高齡者如果勉強起身，容易去控制而跌倒。
針對上述狀況，本研究擬改善床緣起身活動的輔助設施。首先觀察「高齡者」起身的問題，其中包括起身動作的分析、臥床的相關因素及現有輔助設施的功效；繼而提出適宜的輔助方式，包括：給予平衡輔助及分散體重減少下肢負荷兩種措施。做後歸納出可行的床緣輔助裝置，包括：（1）單手支撐扶手輔助、（2）向前抓握扶手輔助及（3）單側前臂手肘支撐輔助。透過實驗，測量三種輔助方式對減輕下肢肌力負荷之績效。實驗樣本為中高齡到高齡的受測者。研究結論：
(一)前臂手肘支撐輔助在起身時能有效減輕下肢負荷平均14.84公斤，績效最佳。
(二)扶手高度需高於手肘6公分，較能有效減輕高齡者下肢的負荷。
(三)扶手的設計需考慮手肘放置於床緣的位置，方能有效的以前臂手肘分攤體重。

關鍵字

高齡者 ； 輔助 ； 通用 ； 使用性

並列摘要

Among the elderly, standing-up - from bed has been identified as one of important factor that accounts for 63.1% of all falls and injuries. Functional decline occurs among the elderly mainly due to the atrophy and degradation of bones. Degrading joints and muscular systems that comes with advanced age, result in inconveniences and limited ability for standing up from bed side. Potential risk factors may include:
1.When the elderly change body postures in their attempt to standing up from bed side , they may involuntarily fall out of balance - due to the shifting of their center of mass.
2.A change of posture might induce orthostatic hypotention: temporary decrease in blood pressure, thus causing dizziness.
3.The elderly who are afflicted with weakness in the lower limbs and still attempt to forcefully rise from bed might lose balance and subsequently fall down.

Therefore, this study attempts to offer a solution for the above issues through our assistive bed rail device. Our solution is a standing aid that provides balance, stability and disperses body weight which decreases body weight on the lower limbs. It is a culmination of our observations and assessments of the problems that negatively affect the standing-up action of the elderly, including getting up action analysis, bed-related factors review, and usability of existing bed railing assistances. As a result, this study categorized three proposed resolutions: (1) single hand auxiliary support (SH); (2) front auxiliary support (FA) and (3) single forearm auxiliary support (SF). Further experiments were conducted with middle-old and very old individuals to determine the effect of transferring body weight to upper limb, by which the body weight on the lower limbs decreased. Results show:

1. single forearm auxiliary support devices effectively minimizes load and pressure on the lower limbs by an average of 14.84 kilograms.
2. the hand rail must be positioned 6 centimeters above the elbow to effectively minimize the load on the lower limbs of the elderly.
3. The location of the hand-rail (standing aid) next to the bed should be carefully considered: It should be strategically positioned to allow effective support of upper limb when standing up from bed side.

並列關鍵字

Elderly ； Bathroom ； Assistive ； Universal ； Usability

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