以金屬氫氧化物及膨脹型石墨改善聚氨基甲酸酯薄膜阻燃與功能性質之研究

The Study on Improving the Flammability and Function Properties of PU Composite Films by Compounding with Metal Hydroxide and Expanded Graphite

吳君蔚(Chun-Wei Wu)

指導教授 ： 鄭國彬 ； 鄧道興

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/有機高分子研究所/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6841/NTUT.2008.00523

摘要

本研究以氫氧化鋁、氫氧化鎂和膨脹型石墨作為聚氨基甲酸酯(DPU)的無鹵阻燃劑，並在固定含量之阻燃劑下，以此三種無鹵阻燃劑加以改變其組成比例，經由限氧指數儀、煙光密度儀與圓錐量熱量儀的高分子燃燒測試來篩選最佳組成比例。同時探討添加無鹵阻燃劑對PU燃燒行為之研究與機械性質的影響。另對金屬氫氧化物和膨脹型石墨之間，防火吸煙相乘效應的作用作初步探討。
由上述測試中，可得知，使用金屬氫氧化物和膨脹型石墨之無鹵素阻燃配方，可提高複合薄膜之限氧指數，增加阻燃程度，在煙光密度的測試結果，亦可知其在無鹵素阻燃劑的添加下，煙光密度明顯產生下降之趨勢；在圓錐量熱儀測試中，其尖峰釋放率及遮光係數也產生降低之趨勢，機械性質方面在全部阻燃複合薄膜中，以DPU/ATH100維持較佳之拉伸性質，柔軟度的測試上也以DUP/ATH100擁有較佳之柔軟度，在實用性上也大大提升其可行性；在表面電阻測試中，由於膨脹型石墨填加，能得到較低之表面電阻係數，且可有效產生抗靜電作用，阻止靜電效應所產生之燃燒。

在阻燃複合薄膜中，以DPU/ATH100和DPU/ATH60/EG40有最佳之阻燃性及熱安定性。金屬氫氧化物與膨脹型石墨之間防火相乘效應在於薄膜燃燒時，金屬氫氧化物可吸熱分解與釋放水氣來降低薄膜溫度稀釋可燃氣體外，膨脹型石墨在燃燒後形成緻密阻隔碳層，可抑制熱與燃燒氣體之傳送，達到最佳之防火相乘效應。

關鍵字

聚氨基甲酸酯 ； 金屬氫氧化物 ； 膨脹型石墨 ； 限氧指數儀

並列摘要

In this study, Aluminum Tri-hydroxide, Magnesium Hydroxide and expanded graphite were used as halogen-free flame retardants to blend into polyurethane (DPU). Flame tests such as L.O.I. tester, Cone-calorimeter were employed to evaluate the best combination ratio between metal hydroxides and expanded graphite at a fixed additive amount of halogen-free flame retardant. The effect of addition halogen-free flame retardant and mechanical properties of PU were also investigated in this study. In addition, the synergistic effect of metal hydroxide and expanded graphite on flame retardant mechanism of PU was proposed.
Experimental results indicated that flame retarded PU films which containing metal hydroxide or expanded graphite could gain a higher L.O.I. value. For specific optical density test, these films possessed the lower values of specific optical density. The lower values of pk-Heat release rate were also shown on cone calorimeter test for these films. To all of these flame retarded films, the DPU/ATH100 was found to be with better mechanical properties. Besides, DPU/ATH100 composite films presented better results in softness test, and this could be considered as an excellent candidate for a range of textile applications. Furthermore, for surface resistivity test, the lower surface resistivity index was obtained. Because of the addition of expanded graphite, it showed effective antistatic ability that might inhibit the burning from static electricity effect. Those films shown the better performance on fire retardancy and extinction coefficient were DPU/ATH100 and DPU/ATH60/EG40. The synergistic effect of metal hydroxide and expanded graphite on flame retardancy was investigated. The physical phenomena such as decreasing temperature and gas diluting were counted on contribution of the decomposition of metal hydroxides during its heating up. Moreover, the expanded graphite formed compact insulating layers after heating which would successfully restrain the transmission of heat and gas. It could be the reason that the better synergistic effect on flame retardancy was obtained.

並列關鍵字

Polyurethane ； Metal Hydroxide ； Expanded Graphite ； L.O.I. tester

參考文獻

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