電力變壓器廢熱回收裝置之研究

A Study of Waste Heat Recovery Power Transformer

林逸倫(Yi-Lun Lin)

指導教授 ： 卓清松

國立臺北科技大學/機電學院/能源與冷凍空調工程系碩士班/碩士(2010年)

摘要

本研究之目的，在於研發可將建築配備電力變壓器，供電之餘間接產生的熱損失，由系統循環製熱回收裝置之可行性，驗證電力變壓器不但具有提供高電壓轉變成家用電壓之效果，又可將變壓時機體所產生之熱能加以利用，經循環之原理將常溫之水轉換成較熱的水，可供給員工上下班洗澡淋浴之用途，或其他需要熱水之使用用途。因電力變壓器為各工廠或大樓、大飯店等高低壓用戶必備之電力設備，我國電力變壓器平均效率約為98％，如以1000KVA變壓器設其負載為1000KW時 ，其效率為98.3％，計算該變壓器銅損加鐵損之損失總計約為17KW，如此龐大熱損失將使大氣帶來高溫，造成空調系統大量之負荷，其地球溫室效應更為嚴重，此種由電力變壓器廢熱傳動水循環系統之節省電費效果為佳，比起另外透過電熱水器耗用電能轉成熱能的作用高出數倍，此種系統以電力變壓器為熱源可達到變壓的目的外，又可獲得附加價值。
本研究方式係以銅管裝入變壓器絕緣油中，以常溫之水在盤管中循環，吸收變壓器線圈及鐵心所產生的熱能，回收並儲存，實驗使用低壓電力變壓器(7.5 KVA)規格的變壓器，經由變壓供電方式進行運轉，以尋求最適合於各種場合使用的回收裝置。為使本實驗測試的製熱來源範圍更廣闊、快速即時，在測試時之加熱源依各種使用時機採用或兼用低壓電力變壓器、太陽能板、具蓄電功能的鉛酸電池、常見的市電插頭。
在求得最經濟之回收裝置後，繼由實驗進一步作測試，以獲得製熱效果之相關數據，作為研究分析的依據，由實際測試結果顯示，假設熱水回收效率為50％，在製造熱水時，可將17.5公升之常溫水平均溫度由20℃升高到50℃，製熱效果12.5 kJ的熱量，只需耗時34分鐘左右。由上列數據即可證明電力變壓器所耗熱回收之裝置確實能達到製熱之獲益。

關鍵字

熱回收 ； 變壓器 ； 製冷製熱 ； 太陽能 ； 綠色能源

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to develop building can be equipped with power transformers, apart from indirect heat loss of power supply, the system heat recovery feasibility robin to verify power transformer not only has high-voltage transformation for home voltage effect. It can turn the heat produced by the body to use the principles of the room temperature by circulating water into more hot water, bath shower supply staff to work purposes or other purposes require the use of hot water . Of power transformers for the plant or building, hotel user must have the high-voltage electrical equipment, power transformers in China the average efficiency is about 98%, such as the 1000KVA transformer set its load 1000KW, its efficiency was 98.3%, calculate the transformer copper loss plus the loss of total iron loss is about 17KW, heat loss of this magnitude will bring high temperature atmosphere, causing a large number of air-conditioning system load, the global warming is more serious, such heat transmission from the power transformer would reduce the water circulation system cost effectiveness better than other electric water heater through the consumption of electrical energy converted to heat several times higher than the role of such systems to the power transformer substation for the purpose of heat source can be achieved, the added value they receive.
This research is carried out through to brass mount transformer insulating oil to room temperature water in the coil in the loop, transformer coils and absorb the heat generated by core, recovery and storage of the experimental use of high-voltage power transformers, low voltage power transformer (7.5 KVA) of two different specifications of transformers, power supply via the transformer to operate, with the most suitable for the recovery of various occasions. In order to test this experiment a much wider range of heating source, fast real-time, when the heating source in the test used by a variety of time use or a combination of high pressure (low) power transformers, solar panels, a power-storage function of lead-acid batteries, common electricity plug.
After deriving the most economical recycling system, following the experiment to test further to obtain the thermal effects of the data system for research, from actually results indicate assumption water recovery efficiency is 50%, in the manufacture of hot water , can be 17.5 liters of water at room temperature increases the average temperature from 20 ℃ to 50 ℃, heating effect of 12.5 kJ of heat, just took about 34 minutes. Can be proved from the above data, the consumption of power transformers can really heat recovery unit to the heating of the benefit.

並列關鍵字

Heat recovery ； Transformer ； Refrigeration and Heat ； Slar energy ； Green energy

參考文獻

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