從環境認知觀點建構復癒型庭園規劃準則之研究

A Study of Principles in the Development of Restorative Garden Designs According to the Environmental Cognition Approach

張炳堯(Ping-Yao Chang)

指導教授 ： 蔡仁惠

國立臺北科技大學/設計學院/建築與都市設計研究所/碩士(2009年)

摘要

人們在環境認知的過程中，通過感官和大腦來接受、分析、詮釋與儲存環境訊息，形成一種多層次且多樣的心理結構。然而個人心智能力與環境訊息的接收度，明顯受制於既存的觀念與知識；設計者對於環境規劃概念乃取自設計主體的認知結構，依其概念創造一空間情境，但使用者對環境的認知則是透過主體知覺反應及覺知行為所建構，兩者在歷程上有明顯差異，故設計者應清楚表達規劃的意圖與設計主題，讓環境成為設計者與使用者溝通的介面，此為使用主體建立知覺領域重要的關鍵。
庭園中的自然是被重塑並附予意義，它隱喻著過去人類在野地與大自然中所接觸的環境，在設計時應塑造其存在之內涵，經由人類的感官系統與自然景觀元素的互動，讓使用者舒緩情緒並能活化與喚醒感官知覺的復癒型庭園，透過與自然環境之契合，相互建構出主體對於環境的聯繫，進一步啟動主體復癒機制與心靈淨化之效。
本研究透過探討人與自然環境之關係、知覺與環境認知等議題，歸納出20項復癒型庭園的設計準則，於相互推導出：「建構自我認知平衡」、「塑造自然環境的內涵」、「線索優化的趨勢」、「切合層級的溝通模式」等四項設計因子，可做為環境規劃者的參考。

關鍵字

復癒型環境 ； 復癒型庭園 ； 環境認知 ； 庭園設計

並列摘要

During the process of environmental cognition, human beings accept, analyze, interpret, and memorize environmental information through the senses and the brain, developing a multilayer and diversified psychological structure. However, the mental ability and perception of environmental information of each individual are mainly restricted by preexisting concepts and knowledge. The designer’s concept of environmental planning is taken from the structure of his or her cognition of the design’s theme, building a spatial situation according to his or her conception. However, since the user’s cognition of the environment is established through subjective conscious reactions and awareness, there are significant differences between the two parties’ experiential process. Thus, the designer should express clearly the intention and the theme of the design, so that the environment becomes an interface for communication between the designer and the user. This is crucial to the field of user-subjects’ establishment of cognition.
Nature in gardens is re-formed and presented with meaning, which implies the environments that human beings used to meet in the wilderness and nature. Environmental planners should develop their own cultivation while designing, and create restorative gardens that could ease users’ moods and awaken their sense perceptions through the interaction between the sense systems of human beings and the elements of natural landscapes. Combining with natural environments, the restorative gardens correspondingly construct the correlation between the subjects and environments, and further start the restorative mechanism of the subjects and bring purification to souls.
By probing into the relationship between human beings and natural environments and the issues about sense perception and environmental cognition, the study concludes twenty design principles for restorative gardens, and derives four design factors to be the reference for environmental planners as follows: (a) the construction of the scale for self-cognitions, (b) the cultivation for creating natural environments, (c) the trend of transfiguring cues, and (d) the communication mode to fit in with different social statuses.

並列關鍵字

Restorative Environment ； Restorative Garden ； Environment Cognitive ； Garden Design.

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