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  • 學位論文

組織氣候與工作投入關係之研究-以某醫學中心暨委託經營管理醫院為例

A Study of the Relationship Between the Organizational Climate and Job Involvement-Taking a Certain Medical Center and Its Entrusted Hospitals

指導教授 : 盧美秀
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摘要


本研究主要目的在探討某醫學中心暨二家委託經營管理醫院之組織氣候及員工工作投入之程度,及比較不同個人屬性與醫院屬性之組織氣候與工作投入之差異,採橫斷式調查法、用多階段隨機抽樣方式,以某醫學中心暨委託經營管理的二家醫院員工為研究對象,進行結構式問卷調查,收集時間為91年1月12日至91年3月2日共發出問卷840份,回收730份,回收率為86.9%。調查所得資料以描述性統計與單因子變異數分析等統計方法進行處理與分析。研究結果發現:1.組織氣候總平均得分為甲醫院2.73(SD=0.57),乙醫院2.77(SD=0.55),丙醫院2.77(SD=0.54)未達統計學上顯著差異,均介於仁慈權威與商討民主型的組織系統氣候。在七個構面中三家醫院以「激勵力量」平均得分最高,均達3分以上,較接近商討民主型,其中丙醫院3.25(SD=0.67)明顯高於甲醫院3.04(SD=0.75)且答統計學上顯著差異。得分較低的是「控制考核過程」甲醫院2.47(SD=0.63),乙醫院2.54(SD=0.67),丙醫院2.59(SD=0.66)較接近仁慈權威型之組織氣候。2.工作投入總平均得分為甲醫院2.77(SD=0.30),乙醫院2.75(SD=0.32),丙醫院2.84(SD=0.30)未達統計學上顯著差異,同屬中等之工作投入程度。而在「主動參與」及「認同工作重要性」二個構面之平均得分,三家醫院亦無顯著之差異。3.不同年齡、性別、服務年資、服務部門之組織氣候知覺均達統計學上的顯著差異,而在婚姻狀況、教育程度除決策過程外,以及不同機構除激勵力量外則無顯著差異。4.教育程度、婚姻狀況兩項與工作投入中之「主動參與」與「認同工作重要性」二個構面均有統計學上顯著差異,年齡、服務年資對於「主動參與」的構面有顯著差異,性別、服務部門、不同機構則均未達顯著差異。5. 組織氣候與工作投入平均總得分之間的相關係數為r=.22,且達統計學上顯著差異(p<.001) ,其中甲醫院r=.22 (p<.001),丙醫院r=.29 (p<.05),均達統計學上顯著差異,但乙醫院r=.14 (p=0.1763)則未達統計學上之顯著相關。 由本研究結果可瞭解,組織氣候與工作投入確有相關,三家醫院的組織氣候均介於仁慈權威與商討民主型的組織氣候,工作投入亦屬中等程度,可見管理者仍有努力的空間製造更好的組織氣候,使員工在良好的工作氣氛中願意全心投入,創造更好的工作績效。

關鍵字

組織氣候 工作投入

並列摘要


The purpose of this study is to discuss the organizational climate and the job involvement of a certain medical center and two hospitals run by trust, and to compare the difference of organizational climate and the job involvement caused from different personal attributes and hospital attributes. A cross-sectional survey was taken through multi-stage random sampling. The targets of survey were the personnel of a certain medical center and two hospitals run by trust. The structured questionnaire was made for survey. Eight hundred and forty copies of questionnaire have been sent out between January 12, 2002 and March 2, 2002. Seven hundred and thirty copies returned. The responding rate was 86.9%. The responding materials were processed and analyzed by descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA. The results of study are as the following: 1. The total average score of the organizational climate is: hospital A 2.73 (SD=0.57); hospital B 2.77 (SD=0.55); and hospital C 2.77 (SD=0.54), not yet reaching a distinctive difference in statistics, but standing between the benevolent authoritative style of organizational climate and that of the consulting democratic one. In seven phases, three hospitals all have highest average score in the “incentive power”, reaching over 3.00, tending to be the consulting democratic style. 3.25 (SD=0.67) of hospital C is distinctively higher than 3.04 (SD=0.75) of hospital A, and reaching a distinctive difference in statistics. The phase with lower average score is the “controlled assessing process”, with hospital A scoring 2.47 (SD=0.63), hospital B 2.54 (SD=0.67), and hospital C 2.59 (SD=0.66), all tending to be the benevolent authoritative style. 2. The total average score of the job involvement is: hospital A 2.77 (SD=0.30); hospital B 2.75 (SD=0.32); and hospital C 2.84 (SD=0.30), not reaching a distinctive difference in statistics, all belonging to medium-degree of the job involvement. In phase of the “initiative participation” and “confirming the importance of work”, there is no distinctive difference in the average score among three hospitals either. 3. The organizational climate in different age, gender, service seniority and service unit all reaches a distinctive difference in statistics; while the marriage status and the educational degree, except the phase of policy decision process and the phase of incentive power in different organizations, show no distinctive difference. 4. The educational degree and the marriage status as well as two phase of the job involvement─ “initiative participation” and “confirming the importance of work”─ all show a distinctive difference in statistics. Age and service seniority show a distinctive difference in the phase of “initiative participation”, while gender, service unit and different organizations all do not reach a distinctive difference in statistics. 5. The related coefficient of the total average score of the organizational climate and the job involvement is r= .22, and reaching a distinctive difference in statistics (p< .001). And of three hospitals, hospital A r= .22 (p< .001); hospital C r= .29 (p< .005), reaching a distinctive difference in statistics, but hospital B r= .14 (p< 0.1763), not reaching a distinctive relation in statistics. From the results of this study, it can be understood that the relationship of the organizational climate and the job involvement is existing. The organizational climate of three hospitals stands between the benevolent authoritative style and the consulting democratic one, and the job involvement is in medium degree. The managers of these three organizations still have the room to put their efforts to create a much better organizational climate, and make people like to involve themselves completely in their job in a good work environment to have a much better performance.

參考文獻


陳正沛(1983)對研究人員所作的工作投入研究中,結果顯示,工作投入與組織氣候之間各構面全部呈顯著的正相關。 組織氣候與工作投入之關係的相關性研究文章較少,但根據研究報告指出,組織氣候之構面與工作投入間確有顯著性相關,故本研究即以醫療機構為背景探討組織氣候與工作投入之關係,而在工作投入的相關理論中,互動論較具周延性。同時三所不同背景的醫療機構,組織氣候、工作人員特質也或許不盡相同。因此,本文的研究設計,將採互動論的觀點來看不同組織氣候對工作投入之影響,並希望針對員工的工作投入作較完整的測量及分析。
一. 組織的概念 什麼是組織?社會學家Scott(1992)指出組織的架構包括社會結構(social structure)、技術(technology)、目標(goals)、與參與者(participants)四個元素(elements),而組織必然與外在環境產生關連。
張潤書(1998)亦認為人是群聚的動物,不能離群索居,故為了共同的方便與保護,自然而然的便形成了各種組織。
張金鑑(1991)認為個人與組織的關係不外以下三種情形:(一)組織要求高強,個人居於附屬地位,要犧牲個人成全組織。在此高壓情勢下,個人情緒低落,意志消沉,組織氣候流於低劣。(二)個人的收穫多,權利廣,自由放任,組織居於不利地位,組織氣候必失之散漫鬆弛。(三)個人與組織處於平衡地位,個人貢獻其忠誠、知識、才能、精力於組織;組織給於個人以適當的報酬、地位、認同、關切與福利。如此,則組織氣候便會生動勃發。 二. 組織氣候的概念 「組織氣候」是1950年代被提出的問題。組織氣候是組織成員對所處工作情境的一種主觀及整體性的感受,這些感受將會影響到工作人員的行為。
張金鑑(1986)指出組織行為是由其成員的工作活動所形成。員工的工作活動受其意識形態之支配,這意識形態的形成則受著組織環境的影響。員工的工作、感情、態度、思想、精神所表現出的或所造成的一般及持久行為氣象,謂之『組織氣候』或『組織風氣』,而成員受客觀的組織環境的刺激與影響而起心理反應,予以認知與辨識,遂形成其主觀的意識形態。如果員工的主觀意識與組織的目標和要求是一致的,則組織氣候必然是奮發旺盛、生氣蓬勃、活潑積極,而達於圓滿和成功的境界。二者若不能一致或有較大的差距,則組織氣候必流於消極頹唐、因循敷衍、暮氣沉沉、衝突矛盾,以致瀕於破產或失敗的地步。組織的成敗及優劣恆以組織氣候的高下或良否為轉移。而測量組織氣候高下的尺度或變數就是員工的工作意識形態與組織目標和要求的比照。二者能達於一致者便算達於理想。差距愈小愈好,差距愈大愈劣。 Forehand和Gilmen (1964) 認為組織氣候的概念是為一組描述組織的變項, 這組變項包括

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