影響大台北地區社區老人購買成藥的因素

A Study of Factors Associated with Purchasing Over-the-counter Drugs among Community Elderly

周杏芬(His-Feng Chou)

指導教授 ： 陳品玲

臺北醫學大學/護理學院/護理學研究所/碩士(2003年)

摘要

本研究目的在探討影響大台北地區社區老人的購買成藥的相關因素，研究變項包括個人基本資料因素、健康狀態因素、藥房（局）及藥品因素、及購藥資訊因素對其。研究設計為橫斷式調查研究方法，採取配額選樣方式，個案來源為居住於台北縣內60歲以上之社區老人，研究者以結構式問卷至社區中進行訪談，共完成238位符合收案條件的社區老人。 重要結果歸納如下： 一、 社區老人過去三個月購買成藥的比率佔34.5％，最常購買的種類以鎮咳祛痰劑、營養劑、及解熱鎮痛劑最多。而未購買成藥的主要原因為沒有習慣吃成藥、自覺身體健康不需要、及不相信成藥的效果。購買地點主要以藥房（局）最多，購買頻率則以不一定最多，購買金額以100∼500元者最多。 二、 社區老人購買成藥時考慮季節因素者，自覺健康狀態得分低者；認為成藥價格為便宜者、會考慮品牌因素者，會考慮電視廣告、藥劑師，及親友推薦者，有較多的購買成藥比率。 三、 居住城市的社區老人、對醫療服務看法較得分高分者、認為成藥價格不便宜者，購買成藥金額的金額較高。 四、 社區老人過去三個月感覺不適之症狀數與購藥種類在統計上呈現顯著差異，進一步分析二者之線性相關，達顯著水準，研究對象症狀數愈多，購買成藥種類愈多。 根據研究結果，本研究建議： 一、 社區衛生護士需以其專業的角色及時發現社區老人在自我用藥照護現存或潛在的缺失，提供社區老人一連續性的個案管理照護模式，進行相關的護理評估、護理診斷、護理計畫及措施。 二、 社區衛生護士以三段預防策略進行社區老人用藥照護計畫，以教育增進其購藥知識，藉此改善其態度；並早期發現影響社區老人購藥相關因素，擬定社區介入性措施；建立社區老人用藥通報系統，瞭解造成老人用藥不良反應可能原因，並於老人出院後進行相關衛教措施。

關鍵字

成藥 ； 社區老人

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to determine the associate factors of purchasing over-the-counter (OTC) drugs among the community elderly in Taipei. Cross-sectional study was conducted via quota sampling were employed. A total of 238 community elderly who were above 60 interview by trained communitynurses. Major findings were summarized as follows. 1. 34.5% of the community elderly reported once bought OTC drugs in the past 3 months. The most frequently purchased products were mucolytics, nutritional supplements, and anti-pyretics & analgesics. The major reasons for people not using OTC were “no tendency/habit to take OTC drugs”, “feeling healthy and without a need”, and “not convinced of the efficacy”. The locations where people obtained OTC drugs were mainly drug stores. Most people irregularly purchased OTC drugs. Mostly NT$100 ~ NT$500 were spent each time. 2. considering season factor, lower score of perceived health status, price advantage, brands, TV advertisement, opinions from pharmacists, friends, and relatives also were associated with higher tendency to buy OTC drugs. 3. Urban community elderly higher scores of satisficatic of health services, and expensiveness OTC drugs, were associated with more money on purchasing OTC. 4. For the community elderly who ever felt unwell in the past 3 months, the association between numbers of symptoms reported and the kinds of OTC drugs they purchased were found statistically significant. In a linear regression model, it was further noted that the more the symptoms a subject reported, the more kinds of OTCs he/she bought. Recommendations based on the study findings were as follows. 1. Community health nurse should exercise her/his professional role and identify the existing or potential problems of self-medication in a timely manner, and further provide continuing case management, including nursing assessment, nursing diagnosis, nursing plan and implementation for the community elderly. 2. Community health nurse may adopt a series of primary, secondary, tertiary preventative strategy in the self-medication nursing plan for the community elderly and 1) provide education to increase and improve their knowledge of accessing and taking OTC medicines and further change their viewpoints toward OTC drugs; 2) detect factors influencing their patterns of buying and using OTC medicines and framing the intervention plan for the community; 3) establish a self-medication reporting system for the community elderly, in order to understand the causes of adverse drug reactions and to provide necessary health education for discharged patients.

並列關鍵字

nonprescription ； over-the-counter ； community elderly ； OTC

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