炮製黃芩對不同萃取溶劑之抗氧化及其活性成份分析

黃芩在我國醫學中為解熱常用藥物，本實驗室對黃芩的安胎、抗菌功能做過相關研究，發現黃芩具有腦神經元保護等活性，認為黃芩的抗氧化活性上具有相當大的潛力，由於藥材炮製的方法可能會對藥材本身的抗氧化活性產生影響，因此選擇黃芩炮製品作為本研究的主題，用以研究不同製程下黃芩的抗氧化能力。本研究利用不同極性溶劑萃取三種不同炮製黃芩（切製、米酒頭酒製、酒精酒製），分析各萃取物以及黃芩主成份 baicalin、baicalein、wogonin、oroxylin A 抗氧化能力，包含抑制大鼠器官組織脂質過氧化能力（心、肺、肝、腎），及體外的抗氧化活性(清除DPPH、總還原能力、清除超氧陰離子、清除氫氧自由基、清除過氧化氫和螯合亞鐵離子)，並比較各萃取物的總多酚類、總類黃酮、baicalin 與 baicalein 含量。結果顯示，在抗氧化能力上以酒精製酒黃芩(WSB)乙酸乙酯萃取物於抑制心臟(IC 50 = 1.71±0.09 μg/mL)、肺臟(IC 50 = 2.03±0.41 μg/mL)抑制脂質過氧化能力表現最好，其丙酮萃取物於抑制肝臟(IC 50 = 8.74±0.08 μg/mL)以及腎臟 (IC 50 = 6.08±0.20 μg/mL)、總還原能力(TEAC = 29.38±0.42 μM)、清除超氧陰離子能力(IC 50 = 65.31±1.55 μg/mL)以及清除氫氧自由基能力(IC 50 = 2.77±0.02 μg/mL)表現最好；切製黃芩(SB)乙酸乙酯萃取物在 DPPH 自由基清除能力(IC 50 = 9.00±0.27 μg/mL)的表現最好，其水萃取物螯合亞鐵離子能力(IC 50 = 184.82±3.21μg/mL)表現最好。黃芩主成份 baicalein 在抑制心臟(IC 50 = 0.81±0.01 μg/mL)、肺臟(IC 50 = 0.65±0.01 μg/mL)、肝臟(IC 50 = 4.56±0.04 μg/mL)以及腎臟(IC 50 = 2.99±0.16 μg/mL) 脂質過氧化以及DPPH 清除能力(IC 50 = 2.80±0.05 μg/mL)、清除超氧陰離子能力 (IC 50 = 43.99±1.66 μg/mL)為四個成份中表現最好，baicalin則在總還原能力(TEAC=19.49±0.57 μM)以及清除氫氧自由基能力(IC 50 = 0.69±0.02 μg/mL)表現最好。在成份含量上SB 乙酸乙酯萃取物在多酚類成份 (GEAC = 209.64±7.39 μg/mg)以及總類黃酮成份(REAC = 312.78±10.52 μg/mg)有較多的含量。WSB 水萃取物含有最多的 baicalin (184.16±3.18 μg/mg)，SB乙酸乙酯萃取物則有最多的baicalein(110.11±1.50 μg/mg)。根據實驗結果可知，酒精酒製黃芩的丙酮及乙酸乙酯萃取物在大鼠的心臟、肺臟、肝臟以及腎臟均質液抑制脂質過氧化效果顯著，在體外抗氧化活性方面也有優異的表現，類黃酮以及 baicalein 的含量亦較其他萃取物高，因此利用酒精炮製黃芩，並利用丙酮與乙酸乙酯萃取獲得之萃取物，具有成為抗氧化保健食品的潛力。

關鍵字

黃芩；酒黃芩；抗氧化；脂質過氧化

並列摘要

Scutellaria baicalensis is commonly used as antipyretic drugs in Chinese medicine. Our previous researches showed the tocolysis, antibacterial effects about S. baicalensis. According to previous researches, we suggest that S. baicalensis has the potential for becoming to an antioxidant. Since processing methods may affect the antioxidant activities of drugs, we examine the antioxidant activities of S. baicalensis by different extraction methods. In this research, we choose different polarity solvents to extract 3 kinds of processed S. baicalensis (cut, rice wine, alcohol processing), then we analyze the ant oxidative activities of each extracts and main compounds of S. baicalensis (baicalin, baicalein, wogonin, oroxylin A).The examinations of antioxidative include inhibition of lipid peroxidation (LPO) on rat’s organ homogenates (heart, lungs, liver, kidneys) and in vitro antioxidative activities (DPPH scavenging, FRAP, superoxide scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, Fe 2+ chelating). In the results of antioxidative analysis, alcohol processed S. baicalensis (WSB) ethyl acetate (EA) extract has the best LPO inhibition effect on heart (IC 50 = 1.71±0.09 μg/mL) and lungs (IC 50 = 2.03±0.41 μg/mL). The WSB acetone extract has the best LPO inhibition effect on liver (IC 50 = 8.74±0.08 μg/mL), kidneys (IC 50 = 6.08±0.20 μg/mL), ferric reducing/antioxidant power (TEAC = 29.38±0.42 μM), superoxide scavenging effect (IC 50 = 65.31±1.55 μg/mL) and hydroxyl radical scavenging effect (IC 50 = 2.77±0.02 μg/mL). Cut processed S. baicalensis (SB) EA extract has the best DPPH scavenging effect (IC 50 = 9.00±0.27 μg/mL) and the SB water extract has the best Fe 2+ chelating effect (IC 50 = 184.82±3.21 μg/mL). Baicalein, the main ingredient of S. baicalensis has the best effect on heart (IC 50 = 0.81±0.01 μg/mL), lungs (IC 50 = 0.65±0.01 μg/mL), liver (IC 50 = 4.56±0.04 μg/mL) and kidneys (IC 50 = 2.99±0.16 μg/mL) LPO inhibiton. Baicalein also has the best effect on DPPH scavenging (IC 50 = 2.80±0.05 μg/mL) and superoxide scavenging (IC 50 = 43.99±1.66 μg/mL). Baicalin has the best effect on FRAP (TEAC=19.49±0.57 μM) and hydroxyl radical scavenging (IC 50 = 0.69±0.02 μg/mL). SB has the most phenol (GEAC = 209.64±7.39 μg/mg) and flavonoids (REAC = 312.78±10.52 μg/mg) content. WSB has the most bacailin content (184.16±3.18 μg/mg). SB EA extract has the most baicalein content (110.11±1.50 μg/mg). In conclusion, the acetone and EA extract of WSB have significant effect on LPO inhibition of rat’s heart, lungs, liver and kidneys. The acetone and EA extract of WSB also perform well in vitro antioxidative activities and have more flavonoids and baicalein than other extracts. So we suggest that the alcohol processed S, baicalensis acetone and EA extract could retain more antioxidative activity and have the potential to develop healthy foods.

並列關鍵字

Scutellaria baicalensis ； wine processed Scutellaria baicalensis ； antioxidant ； lipid peroxidation

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炮製黃芩對不同萃取溶劑之抗氧化及其活性成份分析

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