護理專業自主性與人格特質之相關性研究

A Study On The RelationshipAamong Nursing Professional Autonomy And Personality Traits

歐李美智(MEI-CHIH OU LI)

指導教授 ： 邱瓊萱 博士

臺北醫學大學/公共衛生暨營養學院/醫務管理學研究所/碩士(2007年)

摘要

近年來，隨著醫療環境的變遷及人口逐漸邁入高齡化，整個社會對於護理專業照護的需求也日益增加，護理人員的角色無論是臨床照護、安寧療護、長期照護及居家照顧上已是不可或缺的醫療照護主角。但在現今的醫療體系仍存在著明顯的科層制度，及在醫療治療決策之職責及角色限制上，使得護理自主性施行不易，相對的也造成護理人員對工作的滿意度降低，不願留在職場上。護理人員在職場的不穩定，勢必影響醫院之人事成本及醫療照護品質。
在許多的研究提出專業自主性對護理專業發展是一重要因素，而影響專業自主性之因素卻會因外在環境因素、個人經驗、個人知覺、人格特質而有所差別，審視國內外護理專業自主性相關研究中，大都針從護理人員之基本屬性及環境因素進行探討；鮮少以個人特質之因素來探討對專業自主性之影響，而個人之特質因素是否會對專業自主性造成影響，為本研究之主要動機。
研究結果顯示，研究對象之個人屬性、主管領導風格、人格特質對專業自主性有良好的預測力；研究對象之人格特質較傾向為親和型，顯示出護理人員對既定之規範遵循度高，容易與人相處、溝通與合作，且能接納體貼別人；在人格的特質中會盡量避免衝突、攻擊性話語，會主動關心了解他人並尊重他人之意見，在團體中通常扮演順從之角色。護理人員在護理專業態度是積極、主動，並重視與醫療團隊之溝通協調性，對護理專業業務應具有責任及承擔性，雖然在職責上需遵循醫囑，但在專業能力上應可自行決策護理措施且不受醫師干遇；而在臨床繁瑣之護理業務中卻較多不需自主判斷性工作，影響專業自主性之感受；護理學校教育較著重於技術知能之訓練，相對的在研究發展能力之培訓則較弱，也影響護理人員較為「遵循」「順從」之特性；護理主管傾向於參與式領導，也重視提升專業自主性，雖然護理人員感受到社會大眾對護理專業之評價及尊重度並不高，但卻以身為護理人員為榮。
研究結果將可提供護理人員之任用及調派時，除考慮護理人員學歷及工作經驗外，亦可將人格特質之傾向性納入安排之參考，使護理人才能適才適用，降低護理人員工作的不適任，減少人員之流動率，進而影響護理行政成本及資源之浪費。

關鍵字

護理專業自主性；人格特質；主管領導風格

並列摘要

In recent years, as the society gradually step into medical environment vicissitude and the population old age, the demand of nursed specialized care also increases day by day. The role of nursing staff is now the indispensable lead in clinical according to protects, peacefully cures protects, for a long time according to protects and in the home attendance. But while the obvious bureaucracy is still in the medical system, along with the limitations of medical treatment decision-making, has caused nursing autonomy difficult to pursuit and also results in the reduction of the work degree of satisfaction thus consequences the little will to keep on in the office field. The unstable nursing staff in the office field will inevitably affect human affairs of cost and the medical service of the hospital and the quality of protects.
Many researches proposed that the specialized independency of the nurses is an important attribute to its career development, but it can be differed by external environmental factor, individual experience, individual consciousness, and the personality traits of each different person. The careful examination of researches on nursing autonomy both domestic and foreign has shown that most researches on this subject emphasize on the basic attribute of nursing staff and the environmental factors. There are rarely any researches that focus on individual characteristics. So forth, whether individual characteristics have an influence on nursing autonomy is the main goal of this research.
The research findings showed that the research object’s individual attribute, leadership style and charisma, and personality traits the good forecast strength of. The personality of the research object nursing staff leans towards Agreeableness, showing strong wills to follow standard principles, easy to approach, communicate, cooperate with and can sympathize and accept others. It also shows its personality traits as avoiding conflict and aggressive words, care and respect others; they often play the role of obey. The nursing staffs in the specialized manner are positive, initiative, and make communication coordination with the medical team. They are supposed to take up responsibilities and to undertake pressure, although they must follow the doctor's advice initiatively, they should be able to make decisions based on their specialized ability and not be interfered by doctors.
But in clinically, tedious nurse work usually does not require independent judgment work, affecting specialized independent thinking; Nursing schools put more emphasis on technical training than the ability to research and development, resulting in the nursing staff’s "follow" and "obey" characteristic.
Managers of the nursing staff are in the favor of participation leadership, and also takes to promote specialized independency. Although the nursing staff feels that the social populace does not hold such a high appraisal towards nurses, they take being in the nursing staff as an honor.
The results of this research can also be considered while assigning nursing staff in addition to school records and the work experience, making the best place of each different person and prevent unsuitable assignments. It may also reduce the changing rate of the staff, and then reducing administrative cost and resource waste.

並列關鍵字

Nursing Professional Autonomy；Personality Traits；

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