團隊共享心智模式對知識分享之影響—以成員特性與成員組合為調節變項

The Power of the Shared Mental Model on Knowledge Sharing - Investigating the moderating effects of personal characteristics and characteristics’similarities between team members

沈其泰(Chi-Tai Shen)

指導教授 ： 黃敏萍

元智大學/管理學院/管理研究所/碩士(2003年)

摘要

本研究的目的在探討團隊內共享心智模式對成員知識分享行為之影響效果，並探討成員的個人特徵、性格特質、特徵相似性、以及成員之間的性格相似性所扮演之調節效果。本研究以台灣資訊產業之研發與新產品開發團隊為研究對象，總共搜集了42個團隊、243份個人樣本資料，並將資料轉換為1334筆對偶資料，進行對偶層次之分析。研究結果顯示：(1)團隊成員間之共享心智模式對知識分享有顯著的正向預測效果。(2)成員人口統計背景與人口統計背景差異對於共享心智模式與知識分享間之關係，並不具有調節效果。(3)成員性格特質對於共享心智模式與知識分享間之關係，具有顯著之調節效果；亦即當知識分享者具有高負責性格時，共享心智模式與知識分享間的正向效果將特別顯著，反之，當知識分享者負責性低時，共享心智模式的作用便不顯著；同理，當知識分享者具有高外向性格時，共享心智模式與知識分享間的正向效果亦特別顯著。(4)成員間性格相似性對於共享心智模式與知識分享間之關係，具有顯著的調節效果，然而此效果還需同時考量互動成員雙方之性格特質；就負責性相似而言，當知識分享者(A)具有高負責性格，同時知識接收者(B)具有與知識分享者相似之性格特質時，成員性格相似性對於共享心智模式與知識分享間之關係具有正向調節效果；顯示就負責性而言，成員間性格組配具有相似吸引的特性，並對共享心智模式具有補足的效果。另一方面，就外向性相似而言，當A具有高外向性格，而B不具有與A相似之性格特質時，成員性格相似性對於共享心智模式與知識分享間之關係具有負向調節效果；顯示就外向性而言，成員間性格組配具有相異互補的特性，並對共享心智模式具有補足的效果。由本研究結果可知，成員的性格特質與性格相似性具有複雜的互動效果，並對成員的共享心智模式具有調節作用，值得未來繼續加以探討。

關鍵字

共享心智模式 ； 知識分享 ； 團隊組成 ； 個人特徵 ； 人口統計背景 ； 性格特質 ； 人口統計背景相似 ； 性格相似

並列摘要

This study aims to investigate how the shared mental model between team members can have influences on team members’ knowledge sharing behaviors. It also aims to examine how the relationship between shared mental model and knowledge sharing can be moderated by team members’ personal characteristics (including demographic traits and personalities) and characteristics’ similarities (i.e., trait similarity and personality similarity) between team members.
We administered network questionnaires to collect full network data of the whole team. Totally 243 samples from 42 research and development teams ( including R&D and NPD teams) in Taiwan’s informational technology industries were collected. Furthermore, in order to facilitate dyadic level analysis, we transferred our data into 1334 dyadic data sets to test the hypotheses.
Results show that, first, the shared mental model between team members has positive effect on knowledge sharing behaviors. Second, there is no any moderating effect found that team members’ demographic traits (including sex, age, and education) and demographic similarities have on the relationship between shared mental model and knowledge sharing. Furthermore, when considering the knowledge sharer’s personalities, both of conscientiousness and extroversion are found to have positive moderating effects on such relationship. Moreover, it’s also found that only when the knowledge sharer has a high conscientious personality and the knowledge receiver has a similar personality with him, then personality similarity between these two members has a positive moderating effect. On the other hand, in terms of the extroverted personality, the personality similarity is found to have a negative moderating effect, only when the knowledge sharer has a high extroverted personality but the knowledge receiver has no similar personality. These results suggest that there is complicated interaction existed between personality trait and personality similarity. Implications for future research on team composition and team management are also discussed.

並列關鍵字

Shared Mental Model ； Knowledge Sharing ； Team composition ； Personal Characteristics ； Demographic trait ； Personality ； Demographic similarity ； Personality similarity

參考文獻

3. 戚樹誠，1996b，企業組織親信角色之實證研究，管理評論，15卷，1期，頁37-59。

10. 鄭伯壎，1995，差序格局與華人組織行為，本土心理學研究，3期，頁142-219。

11. 鄭伯壎，1999，華人人際關係研究的困境與出路，本土心理學研究，12期，頁203-214。

13. Allport, G. W. 1961. Pattern and growth in personality. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

14. Ancona, D. G., & Caldwell, D. F. 1992. Bridging the boundary: External activity and performance in organizational teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, vol.37, pp.634-665.