物流中心建構及規劃管理-以藥品物流為例

Logistics Center Construction and Strategic Management ---: A Case Study of the Supply Chain of Pharmaceutical Industry

許超皇(Hsu Chau Huang)

指導教授 ： 湯玲郎

元智大學/管理學院/管理研究所/碩士(2003年)

摘要

在台灣大部分藥品是由國外進口，且近年來藥廠有不斷將物流外包給3PL的趨勢以節省成本並可增加效率，台灣大部分國外的大藥廠皆由一家瑞士藥品物流公司『個案公司』承攬的現象。台灣物流業何其多，也有不少區域型物流廠商且經營數十年，其運輸設備、車輛、人員…等並不亞於個案公司，究竟此公司有何特色讓大部分藥廠且彼此互為競爭者之藥廠，願意冒險將其業務、銷售及藥價…等重要機密資料交由同一家3PL物流公司共同承攬。在台灣物流業是處於非常激烈競爭的狀態且在微薄利潤中艱辛的經營，但個案公司業務量仍然日趨擴大，在台灣幾乎無競爭對手。因此本文將以個案公司為主軸，探討物流中心建構及管理方式，以供相關業者參考。
透過藥品供應鏈及價值鏈模型思考方式，從藥廠供給面、專業物流中介面，下游醫療院所及藥方通路商之需求面…等作業機制分解並展開。在事求專業分工的醫療領域?芊A除取得價廉物美及品質可靠的藥品醫材外，廣泛運用先進的物流倉儲管理技術，以降低管理成本提昇空間使用效率已成為醫藥供應鏈體系管理者最佳利器。
本文研究架構將以藥品供應鏈為主軸，透過6σ 的DMAIC分析管理工具建立研究架構，本文第首先說明研究動機及目的並且對供應鏈管理模式及未來發展，然後以挑選6σ DMAIC為研究主題的分析工具，利用Porter的價值練分析、五力分析與品質機能展開為分析方法。在個案研究主軸與研究範圍，其內容是以藥品物流中心為主，說明建構物流中心方式，並對物流中心作業活動以價值練與分類活動方式展開。再以Porter五力分析衡量藥品物流之產業競爭，配合深入訪談調查QFD模型與個案在藥品物流之SWOT分析方式並與一般物流業與競爭者作一比較，再對藥品物流分析結果提出改善空間與管理模式。最後本研究對藥品物流未來提出相關建議。
本研究結論，在藥品物流中心規劃方面，必須針對產業資料收集並對其特性多加研究，了解業態屬性後可利用六個標準差之分析步驟其包括：定義問題、衡量項目、方案分析與選擇、工程與作業持續改善等，詳細列出各項作業機制與項目後，確實進行績效的評估與控制等品質改善管理。而就執行方面，可依照物流建構矩陣作交叉分析，確認所有作業活動皆有完善考量與分析。最後在策略方面，可利用藥品產業QFD分析工具，找出藥品物流核心活動，持續性的強化與改善企業核心競爭能力，進而找出藥品供應鏈未來發展方向，化被動為主動由3PL專業物流朝向4PL技術整合，以提昇國內物流業者在全球化之競爭力。

關鍵字

供應鍊管理 ； 六個標準差 ； 物流中心建構 ； 品質機能展開 ； 第三方物流 ； 價值鏈模型 ； 五力分析模型

並列摘要

In Taiwan, most of medicines are from overseas. Meanwhile, the tendency within these years is that manufacturers outsource their logistics to 3PL for save cost and promote efficiency. For the mostly foreign famous companies of medicines are entrust a Swiss logistics company(case company) to handle the business. There are many domestic logistics company which do the business over 10 years, their transportable equipments, vehicles, workers are not less then case company. What’s the particular of the case company? Which can let these mostly famous manufacturers with competition each other are willing to take a risk entrusting their business sales data, promotion & prices with secret information to a 3PL logistics company handle same business. Logistics business is high competitive with little profit in Taiwan, but case company’s business gets better day by day. Almost domestic company can’t compete with them.Therefore, this thesis will research and survey logistics center architecture and management to relative proprietors for reference.
The thesis structure of the article will emphasize pharmaceutical supply chain management, that will be through 6σ DMAIC analysis managing methodology to establish research structure. First of all, it will illustrate researching intention and purpose also for managing model of supply chain and further vision. Thereby select Porter value chain and five force analysis as analysis model, which accord to deeply investigated of QFD and SWOT analysis of pharmaceutical logistics to compare with domestic logistics company and competitors, also raise improvement and management methodology. Finally, the researcher will put forward relative suggestion for the future of logistics strategy.
For the research conclusion which is concerning logistics center construction and supply chain strategy of pharmaceutical logistic business, which should be collecting and parsing information of the relative business and find out the core competency of lotistics company, the researcher applied 6σ analysis, which including define, measure, analysis, improve, control and performance. Base on this frame-work to come out the purpose of thesis. For logistics construction, refer to logistics contracture-matrix as intersecting analysis and affirm all operation with full consideration and analysis. Finally for tactics, apply the QFD analysis method of pharmaceutical business to find the main action of pharmaceutical logistics, and improve competitive ability of business, further to find the future strategy of pharmaceutical supply chain. Passive regain the initiative, from 3PL professional logistics toward 4PL integrity to promote global competitive ability of domestic logistics company.

並列關鍵字

Supply Chain Management ； Six Sigma ； Logistics Center Construction ； Quality Function Deployment(QFD) ； 3 Party Logistics ； Porter Value Chain Model ； Porter Five Force Model

參考文獻

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