傳統機械加工及裝配廠區防火工程規劃與評估

Workplace Fire Protection Engineering Scheme and Evaluation in Traditional Units Machining & Assembling Facilities

陳孟吟(Meng-Yin Chen)

指導教授 ： 林誠興

元智大學/工程學院/機械工程學系/碩士(2003年)

摘要

本研究，主要以傳統機械加工及裝配廠區為背景，運用二維之區域模式進行火災模擬，以不同起火位置、防火及避難措施等條件分別探討建築物發生火災後之流場變化，並藉由上層溫度、下層溫度、氣層高度、一氧化碳濃度及氧氣濃度等重要參數之變化評估並描述其對人員逃生之影響，進而規劃最佳逃生路線。
工業建築為一聚集眾多人力從事生產活動之場所，由於人、設備、材料與環境等組合，可能因不當使用而導致火災之風險，以CFAST進行假設性之案例模擬除了可以達到建築物火災之預防與控制，同時透過最佳逃生路線之規劃還能有效降低災後之生命財產損失。
本研究，依據現有廠房LAYOUT經CFAST模擬結果找出可能造成逃生困難之房間，並規劃最佳逃生路線，且針對發生逃生困難之房間實施防火工程規劃，發現在前述房間內加裝偵煙/感熱探測器及灑水系統將有助於消防搶救工作，證明以區域模式進行傳統機械加工及裝配廠區防火工程規劃與評估，將可以最少的改善成本達到最佳的工程經濟效益。此外，在模擬過程中也發現通常會發生逃生失敗的房間幾乎都是在房間尺寸較小且無自然通風的辦公室，而廠區內由於只存放鋼料及生產設備，這些都是不易引燃的物質，即使周圍有火源，其火勢也會因為沒有充足之易燃物而在數十分鐘後開始衰退；再者，較大尺寸之廠房也有較大開口及良好自然通風條件，因此毒性氣體或濃煙通常不會對作業區造成威脅，同時也較不會有缺氧之顧慮。

關鍵字

區域模式 ； 火災模擬 ； 逃生路線

並列摘要

This study incorporates a traditional unit machining & assembling factory into its basic structure and conducts fire simulation via a 2-dimensional zone model, thereby evaluating the changes of fluid field after the buildings are caught by fire based upon various considerations, such as the location of fire as well as the fire-prevention system and evacuation facilities; and thus assesses the influence imposed by the changes of upper layer temperature, lower layer temperature, layer height, carbon monoxide concentration, and oxygen concentration on the evacuators for the purpose of planning the optimal evacuation routes.
Industrial building houses workers engaged in production activities. Fires are likely to be caused due to workers’ misconduct and improper use of equipment and materials. In this connection, the simulation incorporating CFAST as hypothetical cases not only prevents and controls fires, but also minimizes the property loss and casualties through the planning of optimal evacuation routes.
The purpose of this study is, based upon the plant’s layout and CFAST simulation results, to find out the rooms that are most likely to obstruct evacuation and to initiate the optimal evacuation routes; and to initiate the fire-prevention plan for the rooms having problems with evacuation. This study found out that the smoke detector, heat-sensor, and sprinkler system installed in the foregoing rooms helped prevent fire from happening; and has thus demonstrated that, when fire-prevention systems were initiated and assessed for the traditional units machining & assembling facilities under the area model, the engineering economic benefits were optimized through the minimum improvement costs. In the simulation process, this study also found out that the small offices without ventilation often resulted in the failure of evacuation. Usually, steel and related production equipment are stored in the plant. Even if the surrounding area was caught in fire, the fire couldn’t last long because there weren’t sufficient inflammable materials in the nearby area. Also, the larger plants had larger open areas and better ventilation conditions. Therefore, the toxic gas or thick smoke couldn’t affect the operation area seriously and oxygen wasn’t deficient, either.

並列關鍵字

zone model ； fire simulation ； evacuation routes

參考文獻

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