舊有5F雙併住商建築物防火評估

An Evaluation of Fire Protection Strategies For The 5F Combined Structures of Old-Fashioned Complex Residence

雷健家(LEI CHIEN CHIA)

指導教授 ： 林誠興

元智大學/工程學院/機械工程學系/碩士(2003年)

摘要

由於台灣消防法規制度的建立與實施比起先進國家實在慢了很多年，導致目前國內社會上存在非常多數的舊式住宅建築物，其都尚未裝置火警消防設備及未經消防安全檢查，其中大部分為五樓雙併住商建築物，且都設計建造為只有單一出口(共用一支樓梯)，據調查近年來人為縱火案有突然驟升現象，經分析有發生人命傷亡慘案的火場大都為欠缺消防設施之舊式建築物，也因此凸顯出該類住宅大樓具有很高的潛在風險。
本文利用CFAST區域模式軟体 (Zone model)及PHEONIC場模式軟體 (Field model)來模擬研究探討，針對單一樓梯出口之住宅建築物，假設若起火處在不同樓層位置及不同火場條件，我們共分八個Models/136個Cases來模擬觀察及討論火場各房間及各層樓梯間之煙層高度、一氧化碳濃度、上層溫度之變化情形，並進一步模擬在起火處依消防法規條例來增設火警感知器、自動撒水裝置及排煙設備後，來觀察分析其對火場住家人員之避難逃生時間改善的幫助，藉此可提供有效建議改善對策，供政府、專家、學者參考，以提高住宅建築物之安全性。

關鍵字

住宅建築物 ； 消防設備 ； 單一出口 ； CFAST軟體 ； PHOENICS軟體

並列摘要

During early 1970, many old-fashioned five-story residential buildings were built in Taiwan. Unfortunately, these kinds of building usually are unsafe during a fire accident due to various reasons such as having only single stair egress route and lacking of fire alarm and extinguishing equipments, so they possess very high potential risk of human life losses during fire accidents.
This thesis utilizes the numerical simulation method to analyze old-fashioned five-story one-egress buildings subject to various postulated fire accidents. We utilize CFAST software package of the zone model and PHOENICS computer code of field model to simulate the fire ignited at different positions and conditions. We divided into eight different models/136 cases to understand the spread trend of dense smoke and energy and their effects on people under different conditions of smoke controls/sprinkler systems. The impact of several fire protection equipments, strategies and engineering plans on the fire dynamics are reasonably evaluated.

並列關鍵字

Residential Building ； Hydraulic Equipment ； Single Egress ； CFAST Computer Software ； PHOENICS Computer Software