由於台灣已經是一個工商業發達的國家,到處都是大樓林立,以及工業區、科學園區遍佈各地,當生活水準品質提高之後,對於日常生活中生命財產的安全,也日益受到重視。近幾年來,國內發生台北市巨星鑽KTV、嘉義市嘉年華大樓、台中市夏威夷三溫暖和台中威爾康西餐廳等重大火災,都禿顯出公共區域大樓的安全性,所以對於公共區域或是特殊建築物的消防法規為何?而當發生火災時,強制式煙控設計系統又應當如何運作?本研究是使用個人電腦程式之火災區域模式和場模式,分析火災行為中熱流之傳遞及毒煙的擴散情形,對於不同情況下人命的威脅性,同時應用CFD場模式計算火災溫度場和速度場之詳細分佈,來評估實際應用區域模式之可靠性。在高樓模擬中對於不同的火源尺寸大小,產生不同的產煙量下,排煙設備的排煙量之功能性測試,大面積之區域範圍則是針對現在的大型百貨公司,佔地面積往往都動則上千坪,當火災發生時消防排煙設備之動作情形,以及有無防煙區劃之影響,並討論排煙設備設置位置與距離的關係,再來則是針對高樓空調系統的運轉,遇上火災時應該如何轉被成排煙系統,減少傷害作一討論與研究,最後對於發生於台中市之民宅大火,以區域模式和場模式作模擬火場之情形,之後增設消防排煙設備,對於火場的改善能夠有更深一層的了解,尤其是對於火災時的高溫氣層、濃煙層、空間中速度向量場的運動等,更深一層了解火災的各種行為之後,同時分析相關參數對火災場之影響,來預測並計畫有效的安全逃生時間和逃生路徑,期望能對於火災的消防工作盡一棉薄之力。
Fire simulation models can be divided into zone and field models. There have been many fire models developed for simulating building fires. This thesis utilizes CFAST (developed by National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S.A. ) to simulate a few building fire cases. The active smoke control system can be divided into Staircase pressurization, Zoned smoke control and Mechanical venting .It is important that a venting system ( vents , inlets , screens and means of control ) be designed as a whole , taking into account other fire protection features , such as fire resisting structural elements , escape routes , and sprinklers . Also, a popular computational fluid dynamic code — PHOENICS is used to perform field modeling of fires. The calculated results are in reasonable agreement with experimental data. Furthermore, some typical building fires occurred in Taiwan during the past few years are used as examples to test the capability of the fire simulation models. Qualitative and quantitative results are obtained to explore insight information regarding how to reduce/prevent the loss of human life and property.