生產者服務業之職業性別區隔研究

A Study of the Occupational Sex Segregation in Producer Service Industry

黃冠穎(Kuan-Ying Huang)

指導教授 ： 曾淑芬 ； 石計生 ； 張維安

元智大學/資訊學院/資訊社會學研究所/碩士(2003年)

摘要

兩性勞動市場在經濟全球化的衝擊下，出現了新的機會與風險。企業運用資訊科技，開始進行生產流程的全球性分工，改變了分工網絡中每個國家的勞動市場需求以及結構，帶給了兩性勞工市場不同的風險與機會，一直與世界經濟緊密連結的台灣，自然無法置身於這樣重大的經濟變動之外，而因應經濟全球化運作而蓬勃發展的生產者服務業，便成為觀察這波勞動力市場變動的最佳對象。為了了解兩性勞工會有怎樣的新機會與風險，是否有機會縮小兩性之間的就業落差？本研究首先回顧了全球分工與資訊經濟生產範型對於產業結構變動及勞動市場衝擊的相關論述，以了解經濟全球化對勞動力市場會有怎樣的影響？並且在檢視傳統探討兩性勞動差異的職業性別隔理論，在解釋及觀察資訊社會中勞動力市場會有怎樣的落差後，提出新的觀察面向；然後便依據主計處的調查資料，針對台灣的生產者服務業中的兩性勞動條件差異進行觀察（1993-2001年），並採用質化研究方法，針對在新形態彈性工作中就業的兩性勞工進行深度訪談。研究結果發現，新的資訊經濟生產模式，造成勞動力市場的技術極化現象，使得兩性勞工在就業的機會以及就業條件上，會因為技能層級以及性別的不同而有截然不同的就業風險或機會，兩性間就業條件差距的大小，也會隨著處於不同技能高低層級的勞動力市場而有所不同。新形態的彈性工作，提供了女性更多的就業機會，女性的就業比例也持續增加；但是女性仍會基於家庭負擔與自身安全的考量，而有較少的工時投入以及升遷意願，仍舊無法縮小與男性勞工間的就業條件差距。

關鍵字

經濟全球化 ； 職業性別區隔 ； 資訊社會 ； 兩性勞動條件差異 ； 全球化 ； 勞動力市場 ； 全球性分工

並列摘要

The labor markets face new opportunities and risks in the process of economy globalization. Global division of the labor force changes labor demand and market structure of the traditional labor market and brings different opportunities and risks to male and female labor within nations connected in the global network. Taiwan, a nation has strong tie with the global economy, will never stand out of the impacts of economy globalization. In order to understand the impacts on the labors of different gender, and to see if there is any chance to narrow down the gaps of many unfair treatments of the working between male and female workers, first, we reviewed many literatures to understand the relationships between labor market and economy globalization. Second, we proposed new indexes to occupational sex segregation, and observed the gaps between male and female worker under the worse conditions of the working. Third, we interviewed 12 cases in the flexible forms of work, and tried to understand the differences of working conditions between male and female workers. The result tells male and female workers with different levels of job skill, who will face different risks. And the gap size of working conditions between male and female worker, will be different in labor markets of different skill level. Flexible forms of work make many female workers work again, but still can’t make them release from the loading of family or down size the gaps in working between male and female.

並列關鍵字

economy globalization ； Occupational Sex Segregation ； information society ； the gaps between male and female worker in working conditions ； globalization ； labor market ； global division of the labor force

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