應用資料包絡分析法評估臺灣機場績效

Operational Efficiency Evaluation of Airports in Taiwan Using Data Envelopment Analysis

陳宗宇(Chung-Yu Chen)

指導教授 ： 蔡啟揚

元智大學/工程學院/工業工程與管理學系/碩士(2009年)

摘要

隨著臺灣島內道路交通建設更趨完善，加上臺灣高鐵全線通車及高油價等衝擊下，各家航空公司為撙節營運成本，紛紛採取減班或停飛等方式慘澹經營，使得臺灣各機場的航機起降次數、載客人數及貨物載運量逐年降低。機場興建與維護需要十分龐大的成本，基於提高資源運用效益，政府機關莫不積極建置或運用各種管理機制，確保各項施政方針能夠順利推動，以促進國家整體發展。

本研究運用資料包絡分析法來評估臺灣各機場的經營績效，以民國93年至96年，臺灣十八座機場的跑道長度、跑道寬度、停機坪面積、客運站面積與貨運站面積等五項作為投入項；以航機起降容量、停機坪個數、客運年容量、貨運年容量等四項為中間財項目；以航機起降架次、旅客人數、貨運量等三項作為產出項，運用二階段資料包絡分析法進行整體效率、純技術效率、規模效率及規模報酬等分析，藉以評估各機場的經營績效。本研究進一步運用資料包絡分析法所求得的各種效率值，運用統計分析的假設檢定，針對探討機場等級分類、性質及座落位置等因素，探討是否造成機場經營績效的差異。

本研究結果發現：機場等級及機場性質分類，並不會影響到機場經營績效。而在機場座落位置的檢定，在傳統一階段DEA與二階段生產面DEA之規模效率值有顯著的差異，表示本島及離島機場在規模效率的營運上有顯著差異，其餘部分的檢定並無顯著的差異。

關鍵字

機場經營 ； 資料包絡分析法

並列摘要

Facing the competition from road traffic and recently, high speed rail, together with the soaring fuel price, airline companies in Taiwan have reduced flight frequency in order to lower costs. As a result, flight movements, numbers of passengers, and volume of cargo at the airports in Taiwan are dropping in recent years. Costs to construct and maintain airports are high. The government has been working hard in order to improve the operational efficiency of resources for the benefit of overall development.

This study applies Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique to evaluate the operational efficiency of the airports in Taiwan. Data of the eighteen airports in Taiwan were collected, including five inputs, four intermediate products and three outputs. The five inputs are runway length, runway width, apron area, passenger terminal area and cargo terminal area. The four intermediate products include flight movement capacity, numbers of apron, passenger transport capacity and cargo transport capacity. The three outputs are numbers of flights, number of passengers and volume of cargo. Two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis is applied to evaluate the efficiency of each airport. In addition, using hypotheses testing, how airport grade, functional classification and location affect operational efficiency of the airports is examined.

It is shown that functional classification and grade of the airports do not affect airport performance. As for the testing with regard to location, the scale efficiency exhibits significant difference in both the single-stage DEA and the second stage of the two-stage DEA. It shows a considerable gap in efficiency between the airports in the main island and those in the off-shore islands.

並列關鍵字

Airport Operational Efficiency ； Data Envelopment Analysis

參考文獻

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