以交易成本觀點分析台灣造紙廠商之競爭優勢-以A公司為例

Analyze the competitive strength of Taiwan Paper industry by transaction cost perspective. ─ study on A company-

朱春福(Chun-Fu Chu)

指導教授 ： 劉恆逸

元智大學/管理學院/管理研究所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6838/YZU.2007.00322

摘要

摘 要
21世紀來臨，隨著新興市場興起，各國莫不卯足全力發展自己的經濟，尤其是中國大陸與東南亞國家的崛起如印度、印尼、越南等國。近年來的經濟發展程度讓人驚羨，也吸引了更多外商積極投資，更近一步帶動這些國家基礎建設蓬勃發展。正因為如此，連帶造成國際上原物料因搶購短缺。而台灣地狹人稠天然資源又缺乏，所需的原物料幾乎都要經由進口而來，因此生產成本一直居高不下，如今隨著原物料價格大漲更加使得企業經營雪上加霜。
而台灣造紙業發展歷史已久，已由成熟期邁入衰退期，因為政府的政策失當，限制企業前往中國發展，喪失了企業在中國擴張版圖的大好機會，使得廠商只能在台灣有限的市場激烈競爭。面對產能持續上升，但利潤卻反而下滑的現象，各家造紙廠商只能依賴成本的降低來提升利潤，而台灣的造紙產業在整個成品結構中以回收廢紙所佔比率最大，至少有75%以上，因此如何有效的收集並持有國內廢紙回收量，保有穩定的廢紙原料供應，便成了各家紙廠降低生產成本主要關鍵來源。因為市場的搶奪，造成廢紙回收價格頻創新高，也破壞了原有的市場均衡，廢紙回收商依照價格高低選擇交易對象，不像以往選擇固定交易對象，使得造紙廠商回收量不穩定，也間接使收購成本往上攀升。
因此本研究針對以往的經營方式加以探討，以交易成本為理論中心，探討紙廠以往廢紙回收方式在目前價格激烈波動下，是否能保有一定的回收量，若不然，則需研擬新的對策以因應，以利生產成本的有效降低。因此本研究也提出ㄧ些具可行性建議做法以供紙廠參考。在可預見的未來，廢紙原料價格應會持續上漲的趨勢已十分明顯，台灣的造紙廠商未來面對的競爭對手也不再只是國內紙廠，在中國及東南亞的新紙機陸續增設完成之後，台灣造紙業經營情況將更形險峻，因此如何未雨綢繆，為未來做好準備實在為刻不容緩之事。

關鍵詞: 垂直整合；交易成本；造紙產業

關鍵字

垂直整合；交易成本；造紙產業

並列摘要

SUMMARY

With emerging markets arising in coming 21st century, every country develops their own economics by every endeavor, especially in China, and some emerging countries such as India, Indonesia and Vietnam in South East Asia. Due to envied economic development, it attracts more and more foreign investments floated into these countries. Moreover, their infrastructures are led progressively. Upon this situation, to rush for raw material occurs world widely, and the status of shortage comes up. Owing to crowded population, narrow territory, and few of natural resources in Taiwan, raw materials almost are imported. Therefore, the producing cost has boosted to a high level. These days it becomes another disaster to operate a business because of the cost soaring.
Taiwan paper and pulp industries have been developed for a long period. It has already stepped from the mature period toward recession. As to the faulty policy by government, it has restricted the development of business in Mainland China, disadvantaged the opportunity to expand China market, and made the manufacturers fiercely compete each other within limited Taiwan market. Facing the fact of increasing productive capacity, the profit goes downwards.
Every manufacturer depends on reducing cost to obtain the profit. Viewing the whole composition of finished products in the papermaking industry, the material of recycled paper is occupied more than 75%. In this condition, how to collect the waste paper effectively and maintain a stable supply source becomes the key point to reduce the cost for every manufacturer.
Hence, in order to securing material supply, it has cauced the price of waste paper rising to a new record, and broken the balance of the original wastepaper market. The waste paper dealers bargain with whoever offers higher price instead of who has a firm business relationship. Thus, the material supply for the manufacturer is unstable; secondly the purchasing price is soaring upwards time after time.
Referring to the previous managing method, this report, under the theory of dealing cost, is to research how to maintain a constant quantity of collected paper with such bitter and floating price. Otherwise, they should discuss a new strategy to confront how to reduce the cost effectively. This report is also to provide some practical suggestion for manufacturers’ reference. In the foreseeable future, it is obvious that the price of waste paper may hike upward continuously. And our paper makers are not only compete with local factories but others from China and South East Asia countries while those finish the producing extension in near future. To operate paper and pulp business will be more critical in Taiwan. Thus, to face any possible challenge, it will be no doubt, and no hesitation to prepare a prospective plan.

Key word：vertical integration transaction cost paper-making industry

並列關鍵字

vertical integration ； transaction cost ； paper-making industry

參考文獻

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4. 台灣區造紙工業同業公會 第11屆亞洲製紙產業團體會議手冊。

5. 台灣區造紙工業同業公會 第24屆議事手冊。

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