資訊機房之消防防護與規劃系統之模擬研究

The Simulation Study of Fire Protection System for Computer Facilities

葉東霖(Tung-Lin Yeh)

指導教授 ： 林育才

元智大學/工程學院/機械工程學系/碩士(2011年)

摘要

本研究是利用現今較常用於探討火災過程的FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator)火災動態模擬軟體，模擬半導體廠專用「資訊機房」的三維空間的火災情境，預估火災發生時火場的溫度、速度與煙流流動等火災的物理數據，探討從自動滅火系統啟動滅火功能的過程到結束後的結果，與可能因為自動滅火系統啟動後造成資訊機房損傷的結果。
本研究探討的對象是半導體廠的專用「資訊機房」，而它的消防自動滅火系統的選用，皆以「氣體滅火系統」為主，但以FDS模擬軟體來探討氣體滅火系統的啟動機制，由於軟體功能上的限制，並非易事。如果只能依據UL等相法規規範中要求氣體滅火系統的啟動滅火條件，視同該氣體滅火系統的有效滅火條件來探討其結果，即是用火災發生後最嚴重的結果來探討氣體滅火系統的滅火效能。
然而本研究於氣體滅火系統啟動的過程中還加入機房氣窗設計效能，讓氣窗能夠於偵測到煙粒子時就先開啟，讓煙損的情況先得到有效的控制；待溫度上昇至68℃時再連動氣窗關閉，再噴射氣體滅火藥劑。
另外，本論文的研究內容也利用FDS軟體來呈現撒水滅火系統啟動滅火時的結果來探討滅火的效能。但由於一般撒水系統的選用上顧慮通常較多，因為它所產生出來的水粒子較大(≦800μm)，雖然可以於最快的時間內將火勢控制住，但相對所產生的水損結果也將是最嚴重的，以此證明為何業界在半導體廠的專用「資訊機房」選用滅火系統時，通常都不會考慮選用一般撒水系統。此外，再透過其他文獻的資料分析，可知即使選用細水霧的滅火系統，其滅火速度反而有限，滅火速度並沒有一般撒水系統快，只是滅火過程中可以用最少的水量來達到一樣的滅火效果。但儘管如此，任何一種水系統設計於資訊機房做為滅火系統防護時，其最後復原的問題還是會因為「水損」的問題而付出更大的代價。

關鍵字

火災動態模擬軟體 ； 氣體滅火系統 ； 撒水系統 ； 資訊機房 ； 自然排煙

並列摘要

The object of this study is computer facilities of semiconductor factories, which mainly choose gas fire-extinguishers as automatic fire extinguishers. However, exploring the starting system of gas fire-extinguisher through FDS is still not easy with the help of the software. Exploring the effect of gas fire-extinguisher through the most serious result caused by fire. Scuttles open before smoke particle is detected to make smoke damage is under effective control. When the temperature up to 68℃, scuttles will close and gas fire-extinguisher will spray gas fire-extinguishing agent. This regulation gets the approval of UL and FM certification.
This research aims to study the effect of the fire protection system for the computer facilities of semiconductor factories during fire accidents by using the FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator), a useful tool to study the fire precess. The 3D simulation results of fire scenario can provide physical properties of fire scene, such as temperature, gas speed, smoke spread condition, etc. Various cases have been discussed regarding the process from the start of automatic fire extinguisher to the final situation.
The research is also to explore the fire suppression efficiency of sprinkler system through FDS. There are more concerns in choosing sprinkler system because of bigger water particles. Although it can control the fire in a shortest period of time, the damage caused by water loss is usually the most serious. Therefore, industries do not consider the sprinkler system as their computer facilities are on fire. Through further study of other literature, it can be found that fire suppression speed of the micro sprinkler system is limited, even slower than that of the sprinkler system. However, it can achieve the same effect with the least amount of water. Nevertheless, any kind of water system for computer facilities as fire extinguishers will cause greater loss due to water loss.

並列關鍵字

Smoke Damper ； FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) ； Gas fire extinguisher ； sprinkler system ； IT Room

參考文獻

﹝5﹞ NFPA 2001: Standard on Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems, 2008.

﹝7﹞ http://www.sheng-yang.com.tw/p1.htm，昇揚消防工程顧問有限公司。

﹝9﹞ NFPA 750: Standard on Water Mist Fire Protection Systems, 1996.

﹝1﹞ 吳嘉興，「條碼技術於生產資訊管理系統之應用─桌上型電腦主機板組裝線」，國立清華大學，碩士論文，1999年。

﹝2﹞ www.fire.nist.gov/fds/index.html, Last updated: 22 November 2010.