華人文化價值觀對團隊成員分配決策選擇之影響

The effects of Chinese cultural values to group member distributive decision

林念荷(Nien-He Lin)

指導教授 ： 黃敏萍

元智大學/管理學院/經營管理碩士班(領導學程)/碩士(2011年)

摘要

正義是人類所追求的理想社會情境也為理解社會行為的關鍵性議題之一，早於兩河流便有漢摩拉比法典來做為人們對於追求社會正義的依據；換言之，正義乃是人類長久以來追求，且相信其是影響社會、人際等重要元素的關鍵之一。而正義感又進一步影響了人們對於日常生活、工作甚至人際關係的態度。

在過去西方對於正義的研究，先是集中於分配正義，近來又將焦點轉移至程序正義，對於分配正義研究累積的文獻至今相當多。然而，在東西方文化差異下，華人社會隨著儒家思想的潛移默化，漸漸衍生出一種與西方社會迥然有異的分配正義觀。相較於西方文化，華人在實務上對分配正義的重視大於程序正義，不像西方較以貢獻為公平的衡量基準，在此華人更重視對象而變化的關係與情感，對於平均與需求分配法則的偏好也大於西方主流的公平分配法則。

然而，現今華人研究雖致力於文化對分配正義的影響，但過去對於其影響內涵的研究大部分仍過於簡化，僅存在自變項與分配正義間的關係，文獻提及人們會依情境或目的不同，對結果的評估會採用不同的分配法則。因此文化價值觀與分配正義之間可能存在更多變的關聯。故本研究從此角度出發，除了討論華人重要文化價值觀”和諧”與”關係”之外，亦以”凝聚力”、”表現”及”資源”的組合建立了不同故事情境，以探索更多華人在分配正義時影響的相關因素與情境。

本研究透過情境式問卷調查法，內容結合情境故事與價值觀量表，收集共452份完全符合情境操弄檢測的有效樣本。經由交叉分析後，發現和諧取向的增進和諧價值觀的高低對受試者分配正義法則的選擇有其直接影響，而和諧取向的避免衝突價值觀、關係取向的關係判斷價值觀和關係對待價值觀的影響效果則不顯著。但當加入了情境調節變項後，當情境為團體凝聚力高時，將會強化和諧取向價值觀作用，對關係取向價值觀則無影響；當情境為成員表現一致時，對於和諧取向的增進和諧價值觀、關係取向的關係判斷價值觀和關係對待價值觀有顯著的影響效果；當情境為資源有無限制時，增進和諧價值觀在資源有限的情況下有顯著的影響，關係判斷價值觀在資源無限的情況下有顯著影響。本研究相較過去研究更進一步確立了情境的影響效果。

關鍵字：分配正義、和諧、關係、凝聚力、表現、資源

關鍵字

分配正義 ； 和諧 ； 關係 ； 凝聚力 ； 表現 ； 資源

並列摘要

Justice has long been an ideal social context that human beings seek for; it also stands for one of the key issues to understand social behaviors. Long before in two river session, there was Law Code of Hammurabi to be the basis for social justice. In other words, justice has always been the key factors that human chase for which would influence society and interpersonal issue. Further, justice also influences the attitude to daily life, work and interpersonal relationship.

Past researches in western most focus on distributive justice, recently they turned to focused on procedural justice. There are a good many of related literatures of distributive justice. However, with the cultural differences between western and eastern society, and the socialization along with Confusian in Chinese society, a distributive justice different from western society was then developed. Compare with western culture, Chinese pay attention to distributive justice more than procedural justice practically. Unlike the western take contribution as the basis to value justice; Chinese think a lot of the relation and emotion that shift with different subject. Chinese also pay more attention on the rules to allocated justice and needs than westerns.

However, although Chinese has focused on the influences to culture of distributive justice, the examination for internal issue were too simplified. Related literature has mentioned the possible varied relations between cultural values and distributive justice. Therefore, present study try to discuss the harmonious and relationship in Chinese cultural values, but also created different context with cohesion, performance and resource to explore the possible factors and contexts under Chinese’s distributive justice.

The study used contextual questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was combined with contextual stories and value scale, and 452 validated data were returned. According to Crosstab analysis, among all variables only promoted harmonious orientation has significant influence to the decision of distributive justice. However, after adding the contextual moderator variable, high group cohesion would strengthen harmonious values. When group members’ performance was coherent, it has significant influences to all variables. When the resource is limited, there is significant influence on promoted harmonious value; when the resource is unlimited, there is significant influence on relation judgment value. To sum up, compare with past researches, present study further confirmed the influential effect of different contexts.

Keyword: distributive justice, harmony, relationship, cohesion, performance, resource

並列關鍵字

cohesion ； performance ； resource ； distributive justice ； harmony ； relationship

參考文獻

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