醫學中心火場驗證與人員疏散之研究

由於現今醫院為火災之特殊場所，儘管現行建築及消防法令已較嚴格規定，然多以建築物之硬體設施考量為出發點，對於醫院使用管理特性、人文習性等並未深入與連結，國內醫療院所的型態已逐漸往大型化、高樓化發展，而使超大型醫院、高樓醫院的趨勢逐漸成型，近年來隨著醫院消防與防災等避難應變研究，亦是國際實務與研究之重點方向，醫院內醫療電氣用品居多，電氣火災是在日常生活中常發生的火災，且逐年有升高的趨勢，更容易造成人員傷亡、財產損失等災情發生，所損失的成本是相當可觀的，為避免或減少類似災害之發生，因此建築物的火災研究，是非常重要的。本研究以火災之場模式模擬軟體Fire Dynamics Simulator（FDS）分析「臺大醫院」之火場探討火災發生時，所產生的高溫、一氧化碳濃度以及氣層高度的變化，進而改變模型設定的參數，使用易燃材質裝潢或破壞原有防火隔間，而忽略了消防安全在室內裝潢材質或內部隔間變更時，就必須優先考量可能發生火災之危險性，而且消防安全設施對避難逃生設備之影響更是不容忽視的，針對防火區劃、逃生通道長短、逃生出口放大或縮小搭配消防設備對逃生避難之影響及新、舊消防法規對照下之消防設備比較，對醫學中心內之護理人員及病患避難逃生等的整體安全是否有幫助，作為建築物改善、設計、規劃等方向，提供相關場所評估之參考，期望能創造既優質又安全的醫學中心環境。

關鍵字

醫院火災；場模式；避難逃生

並列摘要

Recently, the hospital has become a special place on fire study, though the current building and fire prevention regulations have been more stringent, yet the hardware facilities of buildings are the priority consideration, still without deeply links between hospital use and management features, cultural habits etc. The domestic medical institutions have gradually developed towards large-scale and high-rise types, becoming the large hospitals and high-rise hospitals trends. In recent years, along with the hospital fire and disaster prevention /refuge emergency measure which is also the international practice and research key directions. The most portion of medical facilities need electric power, and electrical fires often occur in daily life, and the tendency to increase year by year, more likely to cause personal casualty, property damage and other disaster, and the cost of the losses is considerable. To avoid or reduce the occurrence of similar disaster, the study of building fires is urgently important. In this study, the field model of Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) software is used to analysis "National Taiwan University Hospital" fire case, carbon monoxide and gas height changes, and then change the parameters of the model set, use of flammable materials or destroy the original decoration fire compartment, while ignoring the fire safety in the upholstery material changes or internal compartment, it is necessary to consider the possibility of the danger of fire and the impact of fire safety evacuation equipment cannot be ignored. To aim at fire protection division, escape length exits enlarge or diminish with fire-fighting equipment and the impact on the refuge escape from the fire. The old and new fire regulations and fire-fighting equipment has been discussed if it is help to the medical center's nursing staff and patients evacuation of the overall security, building improvements, design, planning and a reference for assessments of the fire sites, expect to create both high-quality and safe and medical environment.

並列關鍵字

FDS ； CFD ； Fire Dynamics Simulator

參考文獻

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【2】林誠興、虞嘉駿、宋正雄，「桃園四季飯店火場模擬」，2007輸送現象及其

Fire Analysis-A Discussion of the Practical Use of

【8】J.G. Quintiere ,〝Chemistry and Physics of Fire〞,

國際替代計量

醫學中心火場驗證與人員疏散之研究

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