摘要
生活在科技進步、追求高效率的現代人，雖然物質生活富裕卻有時不免感到心靈空虛。從全人觀點出發，人的「身心靈」本應一體存在，然而過去組織的相關研究，多著墨於生理、心智、情緒等構面之探討，忽略了靈性的部分。因此不論從實務現象或理論發展來看，引發靈性應用到工作場域的需求隨之增加，學者將上述概念稱之「職場靈性」。當前有關該議題之探討，多集中如何在工作場域中引發成員之靈性需求，或將靈性構面應用在工作場域，靈性領導多為討論的切入點。 由於靈性領導尚處於理論發軔階段，對於本研究之目的，包括：探討工作組織中靈性領導者與追隨者的互動方式、靈性領導之領導歷程、以及靈性領導者行為和特質等問題，均未有清楚的輪廓。故採取質性研究取向，以探索性的個案研究為研究策略。本研究根據理論抽樣，選擇證嚴法師做為靈性領導之個案，研究田野則是慈濟醫院。本研究之受訪對象以全台慈濟醫院中，與證嚴法師有直接接觸互動之正式組織成員為選取範疇。此外為了避免因受訪對象之特定身份造成研究偏誤，同時呈現領導者更豐富的面貎，選取受訪對象時，儘量選擇不同職級身份者。共計訪談了九位組織成員，其分別來自不同分院，並且擁有不同的工作角色，包括：專業醫護人員、管理行政人員、及志工人員。 透過質性內容分析，分別由領導歷程與其內涵為分析焦點，本研究得到下列結果：首先勾勒出領導者與追隨者之互動歷程；其次分別歸納出追隨者對靈性領導者之印象歸因、靈性領導者行為和特質、領導情境因素、領導歷程之關鍵因素、以及靈性領導在組織和個人之影響效果。最後，總結上述各點，建立初步的靈性領導歷程模式，為後續相關之研究或管理實務上，提供一個探索進路與應用依據。
並列摘要
In the era of high technology and effectiveness, people have rich material life, but usual feel empty inside. According to the holistic perspective, people have body, mind, and spirit which be integrated into a whole unit. However, previous organization studies focus more on physical and psychological elements of people, but neglect the spiritual component. Therefore, there is an increasing need to understand the role of spirituality in the workplace from academic and practical point of view. Among the related discussion of “workplace spirituality”, researchers try to investigate the important factors which can influence employees’ spiritual need or development in the workplace. In which, spiritual leadership comes to be one of the most important research questions. Due to the early theoretical development stage of spiritual leadership, this current study tries to conduct an exploratory study in order to have deep understanding on the meanings and process of such leadership phenomonen. The purposes include describing the interaction between spiritual leader and followers, invesgating the process of spiritual leadership, and defining spiritual leader’s behaviors and traits. We need qualitative research design and exploratory case study for data collection. Following the theoretical sampling principle, we chose Cheng-yen Master, a great Buddism teacher, as the subject of case study, and Tzu-Chi Hospital as our research field. For data collection, we interviewed nine organization members who had frequent contact with the spiritual leader. These members came from two different branches and hold various work roles and positions, indluding medical professionals, administrational staffs and volunteer workers. Following the qualitative analysis prcedure, we analize the process and the content of spiritual leadership. Results showed the interaction process between spiritual leader and followers, spiritual leader’s images, behaviors, and traits, the key factors and contingent factors of spiritual leadership process, as well as the individual and organizational outcomes. An integrated process model of spiritual leadership is also provided for the future study.