雲林縣居民口腔保健行為與衛教需求之探討

本研究為了解雲林縣居民口腔保健行為與衛教需求問題，因此採分層多階段集束抽樣調查，分醫療資源不足及缺乏地區以結構式問卷對雲林四個鄉鎮418案進行抽樣調查，資料以JMP4.0版（SAS）分析；研究結果在口腔保健行為發現每天刷牙二次以上達71.77%，其中18-34歲年輕人及專科以上學歷有87.50%，同時有30.86%採用貝氏刷牙法、有38.04%採用馮尼氏法、62.92%居民刷牙經常超過三分鐘，居民有77.75%在進食後經常漱口。使用牙線者已學歷專科以上者所佔比例最高有55.68%，有嚼檳榔、抽菸、喝酒習慣者雖大多一天刷牙以二次（53%~60%），但刷牙都以橫刷法為主，嚼檳榔者在一年看一次牙醫以上佔35.13%，而定期看牙醫者僅4.05%。在口腔衛教需求方面，自覺需加強口腔衛生知識者以男性（74.44%）、18-34歲（81.50%）、醫療資源缺乏地區（74.16%）、高中以上教育（85.98%）、自覺牙齒狀況普通者（76.81%）佔大多數。加強口腔衛生知識管道則以寄資料到府佔大多數。18-34歲年輕或教育大專以上者較多選用網站獲得知識（23.7%、31.82%），一般居民利用社區講座比率不高（14.59%）。整體而言，居民口腔保健行為欠重視尤其是自覺牙齒不好或是有嚼檳榔、抽菸、喝酒習慣者，因此衛教可依不同年齡、不同教育程度及個別狀況提供不同管道辦理不同主題和方式以滿足居民之需求，以達事半功倍之效果。

關鍵字

盛行率；嚼食檳榔；抽菸；喝酒；口腔保健

並列摘要

The purpose of the study was to understand the residents’ oral health care behaviors and the needs of health education in Yunlin County. A multi-stage, stratified cluster sampling was used in this study. Four townships were randomly chosen under the two categories (insufficient medical resource area and scarce medical resource area). There were 418 subjects recruited in this survey. Each participant received a personal interview. Data analysis was performed by JMP 4.0 package. The study results in the aspect of oral health care behaviors showed that 71.77% of the residents brush their teeth twice or more everyday. Young people aged 18 to 34, and people with college diploma and above account for 87.50% of those. For the tooth brushing method, there were 30.86% of the residents adopted Bass Brushing Method, and 38.04% of the residents adopted Fones’ Method. For the time of brushing, 62.92% of the residents usually brushed their teeth for more than three minutes, and 77.75% of the residents often rinsed their mouths after eating. Furthermore, the group of subjects with junior college education and above has the highest percentage (55.68%) of using dental floss. Although most of the subjects (53%-60%) with the habits of chewing areca/betel quids, smoking cigarettes, or drinking alcohol brushed their teeth twice a day, majority of them adopted a horizontal scrub method, which did not effectively clean their teeth. Of the people with areca/betel quid chewing habit, approximately 35.13% of them see a dentist at least once a year, and 4.05% of them had dental visits regularly. For the need of oral health education, those who reported that they need more knowledge about oral health primarily were are men (74.44% of this group), 18- to 34-year-old (81.50% of this group), from areas where medical resource is scarce (74.16% of this group), with high school and above education (85.98% of this group) as well as those who regard the condition of their teeth as average (76.81%of this group). Most of the subjects would want to obtain the oral health information from mails. There were some people among the 18- 34-year-old youth and those with college education who acquired the health information from the Internet, with the percentages 23.7% and 31.82% respectively. The percentage of people attending community seminars was not high (14.59%). In general, the residents did not pay enough attention to oral health behaviors; especially, those who regarded the condition of their teeth as bad, and those with the habits of chewing areca/betel quids, smoking cigarettes, or drinking alcohol. Therefore, according to different ages, educational backgrounds and personal statuses, health education can be given by providing various topics and methods through different strategies; and hence, we can satisfy the needs of the residents, and then achieve the best effects.