- 學位論文
國家運動選手運動傷害之調查研究
Investigation of Sports Injuries in National Athletes
摘要
目的：調查目前國內國家運動員的運動傷害狀況，評估不同運動項目與傷害部位的發生頻率及其相關性，並且探討其相關的危險因子，及評估國家選手運動傷害防護能力、傷害處理情形。 方法：以「國家運動選手訓練中心」的選手為主要對象，包括棒球、籃球、足球、排球、軟網球、壘球、手球、橄欖球、田徑、射箭、柔道、跆拳道、體操、游泳以及舉重共十五項之運動選手，採普及調查方式，分批進行橫斷式問卷調查。 結果：本研究針共收集393份有效問卷，男性220位（56.0﹪）、女性173位（44.0﹪）。選手平均年齡為20.9±3.3歲；平均運動年資9.8±3.3年；教育程度大專以上佔最多有75.7﹪。目前有運動傷害者高達294位（74.8﹪），表示曾受傷過的選手有97.4﹪。受傷部位以膝部受傷人數最多佔58.5﹪，其次為腳踝57.5﹪、肩部45.9﹪、腰部41.5﹪、腕部38.8﹪，經檢定結果，以上各部位皆與運動項目不同有顯著相關（P-value＜0.05）。受傷型態以肌肉拉傷59.5﹪最常見、其次為肌腱炎46.6﹪、關節扭傷40.2﹪最多。研究發現「曾經有受傷過去史」為運動傷害最強的內在因子，經調整年齡、性別、身高、體重之人口學基本變項後，過去有膝蓋受傷史的選手，其膝蓋受傷的危險性，為無受傷史選手的14.34倍（95﹪CI= 7.55~27.24）。而接觸性運動項目（如：足球、柔道、跆拳道、橄欖球）及有限度接觸性運動項目（如：棒球、籃球、排球、手球、壘球、體操）之選手，膝蓋受傷的危險性是非接觸性項目（如：田徑、射箭、舉重、游泳、軟網）的3.33（95﹪CI： 1.68~6.64）及2.82（95﹪CI：1.29~6.16）倍。選手認為運動受傷原因以「熱身不足」佔最多73.5﹪、其次為「撞擊」68.2﹪、「肌力不足」66.2﹪。高達96.1﹪的選手，曾經求助醫療處理傷害問題。86.2﹪的選手認為運動傷害防護的自我認知屬於普通以上；而評估選手對於運動傷害的防護能力，有70.0﹪的選手屬於合格。又運動傷害防護能力，與選手的年齡、教育、年資等，皆呈現顯著的正相關(p<0.05)。 結論：本研究調查發現，運動傷害普遍存在於國家運動選手中，佔74.8﹪。選手運動傷害最容易受傷的部位，皆發生於膝、踝、肩等關節。而且過去受傷史為影響運動傷害最強的危險因子，因此，有必要針對選手個人的健康相關因子及個人的習慣動作追蹤探討。並且，加強選手體能的狀況及提升其防護能力，有效降低本質性運動傷害，以及避免接觸性傷害的發生。
關鍵字
運動傷害並列摘要
Objective The aim of this study is to survey the current status of sports injuries in elite athletes, with regards to the type of injury, the location, and the risk factors among different sports, and assess their sport injury prevention ability and treatment. Method In this cross-sectional study, the athlete’s of Tsoying National Sport Training Center were investigated. The emphasized sports include baseball, basketball, soccer, volleyball, tennis, softball, football, handball, track and field, swimming, judo, tae-kwon-do, gymnastics and weight lifting. The detailed data were collected by questionnaires. Result 393 athletes were investigated, 56.0% were male and 44.0% were female. The average age is 20.9(±3.3)years, with sport experience of 9.8(±3.3) years. 75.7% of them have educated over junior college. 74.8% of the athletes were currently experiencing sport injuries. 97.4% of the athletes have a history of sport injuries. The major occurrences of sport injury are at the knee (58.5%), followed by the ankle (57.5%), the shoulder (45.9%), the waist (41.5%), and the wrist (38.8%). And all of them were significantly associated with different kind of sports (p< 0.05). The more common type of sport injuries is muscle strain (59.5%), Tendonitis (46.6%), and Joint sprain (40.2%). A history of injuries is the strongest intrinsic factor in our study. Logistic analysis have shown that athletes with a history of knee injuries were almost 15 times were likely to sustain knee injury when compared to athletes with no reported knee injury, controlling the factors of age, sex, height, and weight. And the knee odds ratio of contact sport (such as football, Judo, taekwondo, and etc.) and semi-contact sport (basketball, volleyball, and etc.) are 3.62 and 1.98, respectively, with non-contact sport (weight lifting, swimming, and etc.). The main reasons for sport injuries are lack of warm up (73.5%), strike (68.2%), and lack of muscle strength (66.2%). 96.1% of the athletes have asked for medical treatments. Most of the athletes just have ordinary self-recognition of sport injury prevention .The athletes’ qualified ability of sport injury prevention is 70.0%. The ability is significantly positive correlation with age, education, and sport experiences (p<0.05). Conclusion We have observed 74.8% of the athletes investigated had sport injuries. And the major occurrences of sport injuries are at the knee, followed by the ankle, and the shoulder. Histories of injuries have proved to be the strongest intrinsic factor. Therefore, assessment of health factors and personal habits of the athletes are crucial. To build up the athlete’s physical strength, and knowledge of sport injury prevention would decrease the intrinsic and extrinsic injuries.