「半庄腳」國中校園裡的陽剛文化分析：以教師和女同志學生為例

The Analysis of Masculine Culture in an Agricultural and Light Industrial Suburban：cases of teachers and lesbian students.

陳尚武(Shan-Wuu Chen)

指導教授 ： 成令方

高雄醫學大學/護理學院/性別研究所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6832/KMU.2011.00021

摘要

本研究擬以我所服務的「半庄腳」國中為田野，將國中校園當作陽剛文化生產及再生產的場域，教師間的互動，呈現出怎樣的陽剛特質，這些陽剛特質做為權力關係的展現，對於日常校務運作，特別是衝突事件中，起到什麼樣的影響?在這樣的背景下，女同志學生作為一性別少數，她們的行為和言語，是否也符合陽剛氣質的預設，這與校園陽剛文化會產生怎樣的衝突?為了達成教學的需要，教師和女同志學生之間，會發展出怎樣的互動關係?
研究方法上採取田野觀察和深入訪談，研究者本身既是教師，浸淫在田野中的觀察與詮釋，來重新理解校園日常生活言行；藉著訪談老師和女同志學生，來了解他/她們行為背後的意識型態與論述。其中受訪教師有七位，按照老、中、青不同世代和職務，做立意選樣；女同志學生七位，六位是T認同（陽剛）傾向，一位是婆認同傾向，另外還有異性戀男女學生各一做為對照。
研究發現「半庄腳」國中老師，在日常生活中，自成一套本校的陽剛文化，遇到課務或人事安排有衝突時，協商過程中老師們所信任的方式，既藉著此陽剛文化做為動力，形成教師們相信的「潛規則」來運作，且呈現世代交替的脈絡，不只呈現衝突的樣貌，也描寫教師關係間的微妙。女同志學生，特別是T傾向者，偏向陽剛式的裝扮或言行，這在國中校園是鮮明且衝突的，不符合既有的異性戀規範，她們甚至出現打架等暴力行為，教師輔導與管教她們時，除了仍有恐同的情節外，也會考量學生的家庭社經背景，給與她們支持與幫助，同時，不同社經背景的女同志學生，面臨現身的處境也不同。
過去許多碩論，針對校園文化的描寫，多半呈現人事衝突的無奈與窘境，本研究希望以女性主義的知識論和研究方法，給與校園文化不同的脈絡；對女同學生的校園生活，不再單純的談認同與現身，而是關注她們家庭、階級和學校各方面的張力關係；期能給第一線教師理解校園生活的新方向。

關鍵字

陽剛氣質 ； 國中校園文化 ； 女同志學生 ； 潛規則 ； 階級

並列摘要

The research field of this study, "Ban-Zhuang-Jiao" Junior High School, is treated as field that both produces and reproduces masculine cultural. In the study, the following dimensions are explored: What masculine traits are shown in the interactions between teachers? As these traits, which are signs of power, are demonstrated, what influences do they have on daily school routines, particular when there are conflicts? In such background, whether the behaviors and languages lesbian students, who are viewed as the gender minority, reveal and adopt correspond to the presupposition of masculinity? Do they conflict with the masculine culture on campus? In order to achieve the goal of teaching, what types of interaction are shown between teachers and lesbian students?
Research methods are field observation and in-depth interviews. The researcher works as a teacher in the school (field), observing daily deeds and languages for later interpretation. By interviewing teachers and lesbian students, the researcher is able to understand the ideology and discourse behind their behaviors. Interviewees are chosen purposively, including seven teachers, chosen from three different age and position groups (old, middle-aged, young), and seven lesbian students with six of whom tending to T (masculine) and one, “po”（feminine） identity. In addition to lesbians, one male and one female heterosexual student are chosen as the control group.
Study found that "Ban-Zhuang-Jiao" Junior High School teachers form a unique masculine culture themselves. When conflicts on personnel or curriculum arrangements occur, the negotiation process teachers accept reveals the so-called masculine culture. The "hidden rules" behind it present generational change, conflict, and the subtlety of the relationships between teachers. Lesbian students, especially T-intended, tend to dress themselvres in a masculine way, and the masculine way they speak and act, which does not conform to the established heterosexual norm, makes them spotlights on campus. They even get into fights and thus need counseling and discipline from teachers. Although teachers are homophobic, they take the students’ family socioeconomic backgrounds into account to give them support and help. Meanwhile, lesbian students with different socioeconomic backgrounds face different problems for coming out.
The campus culture that many past theses described focused only on the frustration and embarrassment of personnel conflicts. This study hopes to provide a different context of campus culture by adopting feminist epistemology and research methods. Meanwhile, we hope we can not simply talk about identity and coming out, but concern about their family, class, and the tension between various aspects of the school. Finally I expect to give the front-line teachers a new direction to campus life.

並列關鍵字

masculinity ； junior campus culture ； lesbian students ； hidden rules ； class

參考文獻

《英文部份》

Apple, Michael W. （1971）The Hidden Curriculum and the Nature of Conflict. Interchange. Volume 2, Number 4（27）. Springer Netherlands

Anderson, D. A.（1995）Lesbian and Gay Adolescents. In The Gay Teen：Educational Practice and Theory for Lesbian ,Gay , and Bisexual Adolescents. Edited by Gerald Unks. New York：Routledge

Aronowitz ,Stanley and Dolby ,Nadine and Dimitriadis, Greg and Willis, Paul, et al. ,（2002）Learning to Labor in New Times.

Broude , Gwen J.（1990）Protest Masculinity：A Further Look at the Causes and the Concept. JSTOR：Ethos, Vol. 18, No.1（Mar., 1990）, pp. 103-122.