高雄市退休公教人員志願服務參與動機與參與行為之研究

Research on the voluntary motivation and the behavior of retired civil servants in Kaohsiung.

鄔筱婷(Hsiao-Ting Wu)

指導教授 ： 陳政智

高雄醫學大學/人文社會科學院/醫學社會學與社會工作學系碩士班/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6832/KMU.2014.00035

摘要

公教人員的退休年齡下降，且自願退休的比例增加，社會面而言，我們需要這些退休人力，來減緩勞動力不足的壓力，也做為豐富知識與經驗的傳承；而個人層面而言，社會參與則是維持退休後生活品質的秘訣。退休公教志工的制度推行至今，服務的參與情形仍未普及，志願服務的維持，有賴志工與機構雙向的互動，對志工參與動機的了解，是開啟溝通的第一步。因此，本研究參考國外較新的動機理論－八角模式，採其動機因子的完整性，以量化的方式，針對高雄市退休公教志工，探討退其參與志願服務的動機與行為。因退休公教志工人數掌握不易，本研究受高雄市人事處給與科協助，以便利抽樣之抽樣方法，於103年4月共蒐集了274個有效問卷。
研究結果顯示，退休公教志工最重視的動機是「鄰近動機」與「行動動機」，最低的動機為「連續性動機」。動機與行為相關性方面，「參與動機」越高，會運用各種管道協助宣傳活動與參與活動支援的程度會較高；「獲得動機」越高，協助宣傳活動、分享服務經驗的參與程度越高，也越容易參與電話諮詢的工作；「獲得與給予動機」越高，服務單位參與數量也較高；「新奇動機」越高，服務時數較長；而「想法動機」越高的志工，較容易參與宣傳工作；而「參與頻率」會隨著時間的拉長，服務數量的參與有逐漸減少的趨勢；「參與程度」以提供意見給機構參考的程度最高，且有職業不同的差異。
　　根據研究結論，分別針對退休公教人員及相關單位提出建議。工作環境會影響個人工作的動機與意願，因此若要促進退休公教志工的參與，需建立一個良善的志工服務環境，並提供資源以滿足志工的新奇動機。在志工管理層面加強人際互動的培養與營造，以及提升志工對於機構的認同與了解，促進對機構的向心力與凝聚力，藉此達到留任率，且提升退休公教志工的參與率。

關鍵字

參與動機 ； 參與行為 ； 退休公教志工 ； 志願服務 ； 八角模式

並列摘要

The retirement age for civil servants has dropped while the ratio for voluntary service is increasing. On the perspective of the society, we need the human source to ease the stress from the lack of labour and pass on the inheritance of their knowledge and experiences. On the personal level, it is indeed the trick to maintain the quality of life after retirement. However, since the implement of the policy of civil servant voluntary service, the participation has not yet popularized. The maintenance of voluntary service relies on the interaction between the volunteers and the institutions. The understanding of the volunteers’ participation motivation will be the first step to build the bridge of communication. Therefore, adopting a relatively new motivation theory- The Octagon Model, with its thorough study on motivation factors, the current research, applying a quantitative method, concentrates on the motivation and the behavior study of retired civil servants in Kaohsiung. Despite the difficulties of getting to know the number of retired civil servants, up to April, 2014, we collected 274 valid data under the assistance of Personnel Department of Kaohsiung government.
According to the results, the most valued motivations are “Proximity Motivation” and “Action Motivation”. The least motivated factor is “Continuity Motivation”. As for the relativity of motivation and behavior, the higher the “Participation Motivation” is, the more likely the use of different resources to promote and support the events would be applied. With higher “Getting Motivation”, the volunteers’ participation in assisting in the events, sharing experiences as well as involving in telephone consulting are higher. If the participants get higher scores in “In The Middle of The Getting–Giving Motivation”, they would take part in more units. For those who get higher scores in “Newness Motivation”, the volunteers’ working hours are longer. Volunteers are prone to participating in promotion tasks when they get higher “Thought Motivation”. The “Participating Frequency” will prolong with the passage of time, while the volume of participation units would decrease gradually throughout the time. Last, “the participating degree” differs in occupations and it is mostly revealed in the form of offering opinions to the institutions.
　　Based on the conclusions of the research, we offered our suggestions to both the retired civil servants and the related institutes. Working environment would affect individuals’ motivation and willingness. If we wish to promote the participation for the voluntary service in retired civil servants, we should provide a comfortable volunteering environment and offer information to satisfy the volunteers’ “Newness Motivation”. On the management level, we should boost the developments and formations of interpersonal interactions. In this way, we could intensify the volunteers’ identity and understanding towards the institution, at the same time, strengthen the cohesion and consolidation in the institution.

並列關鍵字

voluntary motivation ； behavior ； retired civil servants ； volunteer ； The Octagon Model

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