不同比例生質柴油、負載與運轉時間對於小型發電機之廢氣排放物組成探討

Investigation of the effects of biodiesel blends, loads, and running time on exhaust emissions from a small-sized diesel power generator

吳鴻毅(Hung-Yi Wu)

指導教授 ： 彭瓊瑜

高雄醫學大學/健康科學院/職業安全衛生研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6832/KMU.2012.00113

摘要

石油能源日漸減少且環保意識抬頭狀態下，以廢食用油提煉的生質柴油，有著降低汙染物排放及不用修改現有的柴油引擎內部結構等優點，成為了新興的替代能源。台灣在2011年將國內生質柴油添加量全面提高至2% (B2)，高雄市的垃圾車甚至用到20% (B20)，這些例子說明生質柴油將廣泛應用的潛能。小型柴油發電機廣泛的使用在日常生活的周遭，例如：建築工地、夜市及停電時家庭的臨時用電，但針對柴油用於小型柴油發電機廢氣排放的研究甚少。本研究目的為：1. 探討在無負載(0 kW)、低（0.5 kW）、中（1.2 kW）、次高（1.8 kW）、高（2.5 kW）等不同負載功率下，小型發電機長時間運轉之廢氣排放物組成。2. 探討不同生質柴油掺配比（B2、B5、B10、B20），小型發電機長時間運轉之廢氣排放物組成。3.根據實驗結果建議生質柴油用於小型發電機最適性。研究中以煙道探測分析儀量測各項汙染物質及燃燒效率等，用以評估運轉時間、負載與生質柴油掺配比之影響。
依據本研究結果，長時間的運轉時，第0小時由於尚未達到穩定情形，因此以第1 ~ 4小時之數據進行分析。運轉時間對於燃燒效率與汙染物的濃度的影響較小，負載與生質柴油的添加比例對於燃燒效率與汙染物的濃度較大；負載高時，燃燒效率高、CO濃度較小，但是NOx濃度上升；生質柴油的添加比例增加時，燃燒效率提升、CO與SO2濃度減少，但是NOx與耗油量增加。醛酮類化合物濃度隨著負載的上升而下降，有較低的排放濃度。根據本研究結果綜合耗油量、燃燒效率及尾氣污染物濃度， B10與中負載為適合作為小型固定式柴油引擎發電機的生質柴油混合油比例與負載之組合。

關鍵字

生質柴油 ； 燃燒效率 ； 耗油量 ； 法規氣體

並列摘要

Biodiesel is a promising alternative diesel fuel due to less CO, SO2 emissions, its renewability, and great blending property with diesel. In 2011, Taiwan increased the percentage of biodiesel to 2% in commercial diesel fuel, and B20 fuel (20% biodiesel + 80% diesel) was used as a fuel in Kaohsiung City garbage trucks. These implicated the potential of biodiesel usage in many applications. Small-sized power generators were widely used in our daily life, such as: temporary power for construction sites, night markets, and power outages. However, exhahaust emissions of a small-sized power generator fuelled with biodiesel blends have seldom been addressed. The purposes of this study were: (1) To investigate the effects of different loads (no load, low load, medium load, sub-high load and high load) on exhaust emissions of a small-sized power generator diesel engine under different running time; (2) To investigate different biodiesel blends (B2, B5, B10 and B20) on exhaust emissions of a small-sized power generator diesel engine under different running times; 3) To suggest of the optimal operation conditions according to the experimental results. A flue gas analyzer (regulations gas concentrations) was used to measure combustion efficiency and gas pollutant concentrations for evaluating the effects of running time, load and biodiesel blend on exhaust emissions. Results indicate that the effect of running time on exhaust is smaller than those of load and biodiesel blend. When the load increases, the combustion efficiency increases, the CO concentration decreases, but the NOx concentration increases. When the biodiesel percentage increases, the combustion efficiency increases, the CO and the SO2 concentrations decrease, but the NOx concentration and fuel consumption increase. Aldehyde concentrations decrease with load increasing. Therefore, by considering the combustion efficiency, fuel consumption, and pollutant concentration, the optimal condition is the usage of B10 fuel on the medium load for a small stationary diesel engine generator.

並列關鍵字

Biodiesel ； Regulations gas concentrations ； Combustion efficiency ； Fuel consumption

參考文獻

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