過敏與非過敏家戶室內空氣品質與學童肺功能探討

Association of Household Indoor Air and Lung Function of Allergic Children and Non-allergic Children

洪偉哲(Wei-Che Hong)

指導教授 ： 陳培詩

高雄醫學大學/健康科學院/公共衛生學研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6832/KMU.2012.00114

摘要

孩童為汙染物易感受族群，一般人類所花費在室內的時間也越來越多，室內空氣品質也愈來愈受到重視，探討空氣品質與健康效應的研究卻多著重在室外環境。但根據過去研究，室外空氣汙染物的濃度並無法準確的評估個人室內的暴露。本研究以孩童為主要研究對象，選取高雄市60間家戶，測量其室內汙染物濃度，以評估孩童在居家時的室內暴露程度，並檢測汙染物和孩童肺功能的相關，分析室內活動和室內空氣的相關。
本研究始自2011年4月12日至2012年2月22日止，分別從高雄市三個不同地區(分別代表工業、交通、背景)的國小以問卷的方式並配對孩童性別、年齡，選取過敏與非過敏孩童各30名家戶進行室內空氣品質檢測。依據環保署的室內空氣品質建議值，家戶汙染物不合格率約在10%~55%之間；本研究也發現，有些活動因子會導致汙染物的上升，如室內二氧化碳（CO2）、總揮發有機氣體（TVOC）等汙染物濃度和烹飪有顯著相關；一氧化碳（CO）、二氧化氮（NO2）與懸浮微粒（PM10, PM2.5, PM1）等汙染物濃度顯著與門窗開關有相關；洗澡與室內TVOC濃度有顯著相關。本研究也評估孩童肺功能與汙染物之間的關聯，在孩童肺功能與家戶室內空氣汙染物的迴歸分析結果顯示，室內NO2與TVOC的24小時平均值，會導致小朋友的肺功能顯著附相關，同時短時間高濃度之NO2也和小朋友的肺功能顯著下降有關聯。

關鍵字

國小學童 ； 家戶 ； 肺功能 ； 空氣汙染物

並列摘要

Children are susceptible to the air pollution. Most of people stay indoor environment for more than 80% time. However, most researchers evaluating air quality and health effects have focused their attention on the outdoor pollution. Previous studies showed that outdoor air pollution was not an accurate indicator for personal exposure. Therefore, the purpose of our study is to evaluate the relation between indoor air pollution and children’s lung function.
We selected 60 families with schoolchildren in Kaohsiung City to measure the concentrations of indoor and outdoor pollutants, indoor activities and children’s lung function. From April 12, 2011 to February 22, 2012, we matched 30 allergic children and 30 non-allergic children with age, and resident areas, including 5 pairs in the industry area, 9 pairs in the area with heavy traffic and 16 pairs in the area with less pollution as the background area.
Approximately 10% to 50% of pollutants measured from the studied houses failed to meet the EPA’s recommended values of indoor air quality. We also found that some indoor activities could significantly affect the concentrations of air pollutants. For examples, cooking could significantly increase the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC). Level of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide （NO2）and particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5, PM1) increased significantly in houses with windows opened when comparing to windows closed. Our study also assessed the association between children’s lung function and air pollution. There was significantly negative association between the lung function and 24-hour average concentration of NO2 and TVOC. Children with a short-time exposure to high concentration of NO2 can significantly decreased children's lung function.

並列關鍵字

Children ； household ； lung function ； air pollution

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