口腔衛生教育介入對國小高年級學童知識、態度及口腔健康相關行為之影響

Effects of Oral Health Education Intervention on Knowledge, Attitude and Oral Health Related to Behavior among Senior Elementary School Children

卜婷芳(Ting-Fang Pu)

指導教授 ： 黃純德

共同指導教授 ： 劉慧俐(Hui-Li Liu)

高雄醫學大學/口腔醫學院/口腔衛生科學研究所碩士在職專班/碩士(2006年)

摘要

背景：
齲齒一直都是威脅國內國小學童口腔健康最嚴重的問題。由於學校是實施口腔衛生與健康促進的最佳場所，因此結合口腔衛生與健康促進的概念下，進行實驗教學介入，藉以探討口腔衛生的教學成效。
目的：
探討口腔衛生教育介入對國小高年級學童知識、態度與口腔健康相關行為之影響，同時探討實驗組學童的教學立即性與延宕性效果，並進一步了解學童背景因素與口腔衛生知識、態度及行為的相關性。
材料與方法：
採「不相等實驗組對照組設計」，以高雄市河濱國小五年級學童共132人，隨機分派實驗組與對照組各兩班為研究對象。教育介入前ㄧ週，兩組接受問卷前測作為教學效果的基準。實驗組接受六週的口腔衛生教育，對照組則未接受。教學結束後一週，兩組進行問卷後測以評量教育介入之立即效果；教學結束後五週，實驗組施行問卷後後測以追蹤介入之延宕效果。所得資料採t檢定、單因子變異數分析、卡方檢定、及單因子共變數分析等統計方法。
結果：
ㄧ、口腔衛生知識與態度在教育介入後，於控制前測的影響因素下，實驗組的後測分數顯著高於對照組。實驗組在教學後一週對知識與態度有顯著的立即效果，於教學後五週仍保留顯著的延宕效果。
二、口腔健康相關行為在教育介入後，實驗組的每天平均刷牙次
數高於對照組且達顯著。實驗組的餐後潔牙習慣變好者比率高於對照組且達顯著。實驗組的甜食頻率減少者與不變者高於對照組，甜食頻率增加者低於對照組且達顯著。
三、學童口腔衛生知識與父母教育程度、父母職業有關；學童口
腔衛生態度與體位、父母教育程度有關。學童每天平均刷牙次數與父親職業有關，但是餐後潔牙習慣與甜食使用頻率則與背景資料無關。
結論：
口腔衛生知識與態度改變的最重要影響因素在於教育介入，與學
童的背景資料無關。實驗課程的方案設計可提供國小高年級學童實施口腔衛生的教學成效，並作為未來推廣口腔衛生教育及進行相關教學研究的參考。

關鍵字

口腔衛生教育介入 ； 口腔健康相關行為 ； 國小學童

並列摘要

Background:
Dental caries is the most serious problem threatening school children in our country. As schools are the best area to teach, practice, and promote the oral health and general health. Integrating the concepts of the oral health and promoting health, implementing the intervention program of oral health education to the primary schools children, and evaluating the effect of it, is our goals for this study.
Objective:
1) To survey the basic data of the senior students and their oral health related knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) in the primary schools. 2) To explore the effects of the intervention program of oral health education to the oral health related KAP. 3) To explore the immediate and prolong effects.
Materials and Methods:
A total number of 132 senior students, four classes in the Kaohsiung Her-Bin primary school were selected. Two classes are assigned to the experiment group and two to control groups randomly by the “unequal quasi experiment-control group design”. One week before, one week and five weeks after the intervention program, pretest, post-test, and post post-test were examined to the experimental and control groups respectively for evaluating the prior KAP scores, the immediate and prolong effects of the intervention program. Data were collected and analyzed by t test, one-way Anova, Chi-square test, and one-way Ancova.
Results:
Children’s oral health knowledge was related to the education degree, occupation type of parents. The attitude was related to the education degree of parents. The tooth brushing frequency of students was related to the occupation type of parents. After oral health education intervention, the KA score of the post test of the experiment group was higher than that of control group. Compared to the pretest basal line data, the experiment group had significant immediate effect at one week after intervention program, and even prolong to five weeks later. After education intervention, the oral health related behavior of the experiment group was statistically significantly better than that of the control group; such as the frequency of daily tooth brushing, tooth-cleaning habit after meals.
Conclusion:
The most important factor for raising the oral health knowledge and attitude is the education intervention, nothing to do with the demographic data of the children.

並列關鍵字

oral health education intervention ； oral health related behavior ； primary school children

參考文獻

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王素貞、蔡吉政、黃純德、陳月珍、洪玉珠(2003)。國小學童口腔健康之相關因素探討。中華牙誌，22(1)，29-42。

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