青少年技職生之實習與生活環境暴露調查

目前有關環境衛生或職業衛生的研究，主要研究對象以就業勞工為主，對於學生相關的研究較少。然而，學生在生長發育上，尚未十分完全，相同的環境或職業暴露相對其健康影響是否更為加劇，不得而知。因此本研究分成三部份：（1）探討不同科系學生實習期間的危害（2）對學生實習期間可能產生的危害進行預防措施並評估成效（3）了解環境暴露對於學生的影響。本研究分別在不同階段分別以護理科系學生、餐飲科系學生、專科女學生為研究對象分別進行相關研究。所有研究都經過高雄醫學大學人體試驗委員會申請及通過，且所有的參與學生均採自願參加。依照研究的需要，分別對學生進行問卷調查、口腔檢查、血液樣本收集。收集資料後再進一步進行分析。藉由本研究發現：護理科系學生在進行預防針扎衛教措施後，學生的針扎傷頻率由衛教前的50.5%降至25.2%、扎傷後通報率由37.0%提升至55.6%；而餐飲類科學生上過調酒課程者的齲齒指數（DMFT）較未上過調酒課程的學生多出1.38顆；專科女學生的血鉛濃度在月經週期顯著高於非月經週期（2.84±0.91 vs. 2.64±0.84 μg/dL, p<0.01）。未來對於實習學生實習時的危害及預防措施，在其就學期間時就應該加強宣導及預防。對於相同的危害環境對青少年的健康影響也應多加進行分析研究。

關鍵字

血鉛；學生；暴露

並列摘要

With regard to the researches in occupational health or environmental health, the prime objects of studies focus on regular labors and less on students in the internship period. Since students are immature, it is unknown whether they confront higher risk on their health or not when exposing to the same working environment as regular labors. In this study, it is divided into three parts: 1) discuss the dangers to students with different departments in the internship period; 2) evaluate the effects after students have been given training programs on prevention; 3) understand the impacts on students under environmental exposure. This research was conducted by means of regarding nursing students, culinary students and female college students as subjects in different stages. All participants in this experiment were voluntary; in addition, this study had approved by the Human Subjects Committee of Kaohsiung Medical University. Based on the requirements of the study, the surveys were undertaken by questionnaires, dental caries examinations and blood specimens and then analyzed the results after collecting above data. This study indicated that after educational intervention, the incidence of NSIs/SIs decreased significantly from 50.5% pre-test to 25.2% post-test, and the report rate increased from 37.0% to 55.6%; the DMFT index in case group was significantly higher than that of control group (5.59±3.53 vs. 4.21±3.64 teeth, p<0.001); the average blood lead levels measured during the menses was higher than that at non-menses（2.84±0.91 vs. 2.64±0.84 μg/dL, p<0.01）. Concerning the risk and preventive means related to students in internship period, the findings suggest that it is imperative to strengthen education of occupational safety during school terms. Also, it is necessary to conduct researches in the influence on adolescents’ health under the same dangerously occupational environment.