學齡前兒童口腔狀況與咀嚼功能相關因素之探討

The Relationship between Oral condition and Masticatory function in Preschool Children

楊惠盈(Hui-Ying Yang)

指導教授 ： 謝天渝

高雄醫學大學/口腔醫學院/口腔衛生科學研究所碩士班/碩士(2005年)

摘要

中文摘要
研究背景
對於學齡前兒童乳齒齲齒之咬力與咀嚼效率，目前國內外並無探討此相關性的文獻。然而，影響咀嚼效率最主要原因為缺牙，而學齡前兒童缺牙最主要原因之一為齲齒。國內衛生署公元2000年(行政院衛生署國民健康局，民88~89)在台灣6-18歲族群口腔狀況普查報告中，指出6歲兒童的乳齒齲齒指數（deft）為5.29顆，齲齒盛行率為89.5％。距世界衛生組織所設定之標準，到公元2000年時，5∼6歲兒童有50％以上沒有齲齒，仍有一段距離，而且齲齒影響生長發育。有鑑於此，希望藉由此次對於學齡前兒童乳齒齲齒之咬力與咀嚼效率之影響，讓父母對於學齡前兒童口腔衛生更加重視。

研究目的
我們研究的目的是針對學齡前兒童乳齒齲齒對咬力及咀嚼效率之影響，同時觀察學齡前兒童身高、體重、身體質量指數與咬力及咀嚼效率之相關性。

材料與方法
研究對象選擇台南市與高雄市政府立案幼稚園的學齡前兒童，以四至六歲兒童（不包含第一大臼齒）為主要研究對象。研究方法包括進行口腔檢查、左右咬力、2.0mm網目及1.4mm網目咀嚼效率及生長發育之調查。。

研究結果

參與本研究的兒童共有411人，包含男童218人（53.04%），及女童193人（46.96%）。男女童與左右咬力及2.0mm、1.4mm網目咀嚼效率並無差異。然而，男生右咬力發現隨著年齡增加而增加，左咬力隨著年齡增加而減少。女生左、右咬力由4歲下降至5歲達最低，6歲時快速增加。男生和女生其本身右咬力皆大於左咬力。女生乳齒齲齒指數小於四顆之左、右咬力大於女生齲齒指數大於四顆之左、右咬力。女生小於2顆未治療乳齒齲齒顆數者，其咀嚼效率優於未治療乳齒齲齒大於6顆者。未治療乳齒齲齒介於3~5顆者，其優於未治療乳齒齲齒大於6顆者。身高、體重、身體質量指數與咬力相關性很低。身高、體重與咀嚼效率達到顯著性差異。左、右咬合力與2.0mm、1.4mm網目咀嚼效率之間有較低的正相關。

結論與建議
由本研究中對口腔狀況，咬力及咀嚼效率的結果發現，齲齒與缺牙較多確實與兒童的咀嚼功能缺損有顯著性的相關性。我們建議要讓父母了解乳齒的重要性，他們因該了解乳齒並不是過渡齒，並且口腔衛生較差對咀嚼功能有很大的影響，甚至於影響兒童的生長。

關鍵字

學齡前兒童 ； 乳齒齲齒 ； 咬力 ； 咀嚼效率 ； 生長發育

並列摘要

Abstract
Background:
There was limited studies on the bite force and masticatory efficiency in deciduous caries in preschool children. Teeth loss has great impact on masticatory efficiency, and the main reason for teeth loss in preschool children is caries. A study conducted by Department of Health, Executive Yuan, ROC in 2000 investigating the oral condition in the age of 6-18 population reported that the deft in 6-year-old children was 5.29, and the caries prevalence was 89.5%. It still has a long way to go according to the World Health Organization’s standard that 50 % of the children in the age of 5-6 population have no caries. And caries affected body growth.Therefore this study will investigate the impact of deciduous caries on the bite force and chewing efficiency in preschool children and the results of this study will help the parents of preschool children understand the importance of oral hygiene.

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of deciduous caries on bite force and masticatory efficiency, and to determine the relationship between body height, body weight, body mass index, bite force and masticatory efficiency in preschool children.

Material and methods:
Preschool children aged 4 to 6 years of the kindergartens in Tainan and Kaohsiung City were recruited for this study. Oral examination was performed, and bite force (left side and right side), masticatory efficiency (2.0 mm and 1.4 mm sieves) and growing conditions were determined.

Results:
Four hundred and eleven children including 218 boys and 193 girls participated in this study. There were no statistical significant differences in the bite force and masticatory efficiency (2.0 mm and 1.4 mm sieves) between boys and girls. However, the right bite force of boys increased with age and the left bite force decreased with age. The both bite force decreased since 4 years of age and was the lowest at the age of 5. But it increased rapidly at the age of 6. The right bite force was greater than left bite force in boys and girls. The bite force of left side and right side were greater in the girls whose deft were less than 4 than those whose deft were greater than 4. The chewing efficiency of girls whose untreated decayed teeth were less than 2 was better than those whose untreated decayed teeth were more than 6. The relationship between body height, body weight,BMI and bite force did not reach statistical significance. The relationship between body height, body weight and chewing efficiency reach statistical significance. There was a positive relationship between bite force (left and right side) and masticatory efficiency (2.0 mm and 1.4 mm sieves).

Conclusions:
In this study, oral examination was performed, and the bite force and masticatory efficiency were determined. The results showed that the increased number of decayed and missing teeth has a statistical significant relationship with the deficient chewing function of preschool children. It is recommended that parents should realize the importance of deciduous teeth, and the poor oral hygiene has great impact on the chewing function and growth of preschool children.

並列關鍵字

masticatory efficiency ； deciduous caries ； preschool children ； bite force ； body growth

參考文獻

參考資料

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