宜蘭的觀音信仰及其造型藝術

The Faith and Plastic Art of Avalokiteshvara in Yilan

賴俊堯(Chun-Yao Lai)

指導教授 ： 林保堯

國立臺北藝術大學/文化資源學院學術論文/建築與文化資產研究所/碩士(2012年)

摘要

本研究探討宜蘭的觀音信仰其民間佛教性格的歷時性發展，以對應及補述觀音供像造型的圖像論考，尤是透過研究信仰脈絡的演變，作為理解其以造型藝術為媒介，呈現各題材結構所依據的經籍儀軌與在地風俗，即依其信仰精神與義理的不同，在各個時空生成各種不同的觀音造型，透過視覺形象引導信眾知悉其悲智之心及諸功德誓願，啟蒙轉化信眾在塵世中的心靈困頓。

本研究以文獻研究、田野調查及圖像學作為論述分析方法，文中主要內容為：
1. 以民間佛教的觀點，瞭解宜蘭地區清、日兩代，由漢人創建的「觀音佛祖廟」其發展型態與歷史脈絡。
2. 探討日治時期宜蘭地區「西國三十三所觀音靈場」的來歷與後續發展，觀察其信仰價值及供像造型在戰後所發生的變異。
3. 以宜蘭地區民間佛教場域為例，據以佛典儀軌與地域性變化為本，將觀音供像進行區分、歸類。
4. 以宜蘭地區民間佛教場域為例，將完成歸類的觀音供像作為圖本，分析各部位造型的圖像意涵及藝術表現，論考觀音供像自清至今的發展軌跡。

關鍵字

宜蘭 ； 觀音 ； 造型藝術

並列摘要

This research investigates the faith of Avalokiteshvara in Yilan by corresponding and complementing the style and image of Avalokiteshvara. Especially, investigating the development of the faith threads is the medium of realizing their plastic art. This research also reveals the theme of the religious text and local custom, which are different from the faithful spirit and meanings. By what mentioned above, the style of Avalokiteshvara is different with every time and space. The style of Avalokiteshvara becomes the visual image which leads the worshipers to realize their hearts of pity and wisdom and vows of merit and virtue, moreover, to enlighten and convert the predicaments in worshipers’ mortal life.

The following content takes literature research, field work and iconology as the method of discussing and analyzing. The items of the subject are:
1. According to the folk Buddhism, understand the development and history of the Avalokiteshvara temples built by the Han Chinese in Yilan in the Qing dynasty and Japan Colonial period.
2. Discuss the origin and continuing development of “saikoku 33 temples Avalokiteshvara sacred fields” in Yilan in Japan Colonial period, in order to observe the religious value and variation of the style and image of Avalokiteshvara after war.
3. Taking the field of folk Buddhism in Yilan as an example, classify and distinguish the style and image of Avalokiteshvara, which are based on religious text and territoriality.
4. Taking the field of folk Buddhism in Yilan as an example, according to the graphic books of Avalokiteshvara , analyze the graphic essence and artistic representation of every part, and describe the tracks of Avalokiteshvara since the Qing dynasty.

並列關鍵字

Yilan ； Avalokiteshvara ； Plastic Art

參考文獻

1998年《宜蘭縣壯圍鄉寺廟沿革誌》，李東明出版。

2.財團法人仰山文教基金會http://www.youngsun.org.tw

2002年 ＜臺灣觀音道場的建寺傳奇初探＞，《古今論衡》第8期（台北:中央研究院歷史語言研究所），頁91-103。

一、佛教典籍

(一)大正藏（CBETA，Vol.為冊數，NO.為經號，以冊數由小至大為序）