金門糊紙工藝研究

傳統社會對於鬼神戒慎恐懼，糊紙便是對於鬼神信仰一種表現形式之一，舉凡婚喪喜慶皆可見到糊紙的存在，然而社會快速變遷、環保意識抬頭與美感要求改變等，一步步壓縮傳統匠司的生存空間，金門地區因歷史發展的特殊性，社會經濟建設雖然發展緩慢，相對保留了許多傳統風俗習慣，糊紙產業沒有過多的競爭者，加上居民對傳統的信仰，糊紙匠司對作品的堅持，讓金門地區的糊紙仍保有傳統風味且更精緻。本研究透過觀察法與訪談法，配合長時間的田野調查，先瞭解金門地區傳統糊紙使用現況，普查現有糊紙匠司之數量，建立匠司傳承體系與脈絡，並針對文化部列冊追蹤的兩位匠司翁文標與翁文林，記錄其材料、工法、工序與作品，再輔以其他糊紙匠司之作品進行分析比較，梳理出金門目前糊紙行業的發展現況。金門傳統糊紙普遍多用於生命禮俗、歲時祭儀與酬神醮典，農曆六月到年底為糊紙旺季，目前店家分布現況，後浦四家、沙美一家、烈嶼兩家，遷至台中繼續從事糊紙一家，現階段已傳承到第四代，除沙美之外，其餘匠司皆師出同門。目前以第三代匠司為製作主力，技術也最純熟與精湛，但是這些主力匠司皆已高齡七、八十歲，體力與健康狀況漸漸無法負擔糊紙的工作性質，而社會變遷與環境因素等，致使上一代的經驗並沒有完整傳承給下一代，糊紙正面臨失傳的可能。糊紙作為台灣非物質文化遺產潛力點之一，政府除了現有傳習計畫的推廣，對於相關技術與作品，應有更完善的保存措施，透過獎勵與補助機制，保障新一代匠司的權益，使金門糊紙工藝永續傳承。

關鍵字

金門；糊紙；非物質文化遺產；傳統工藝；民俗信仰

並列摘要

Pasted-paper cultural technique (abbreviated as PPCT) is one of the essential traditionl ceremony of Kinmen people in adoration before the God-Ghost. One may see these pasted-paper products relics during wedding/momory ceremonies easily in Kinmen county. Although the fast economic progress past years, this traditional ceremony with PPCT artifact still can be maintained and enhanced for the slow economic progress of Kinmen and firmly believe in local God. Using observation and interview methods in a long-term investigation, we aim to survey the traditional PPCT of Kinmen, Career of PPCT, on-site heritage,number of PPCT and two famous technicians, Wen-biau Wong and Wen-lin Wong, of PPCT authorizd by the Ministry of Culture of Taiwan governmen with clarify. PPCTs are mostly used in Life/death ceremonies and God-worships. Pasted-paper cultural ceremonies are prevalent in June of Chinese lunar year. There are 8 pasted-paper cultural product-making stores ie., 4 at Jincheng, 1 at Jinsha, 2 at Lieyu, small Kinmen island and 1 moved to Taiwan. Above all are inherited to the 4th generation. Except one store of Jinsha, the rest technicians are inherited from their ancestors. Althought the third generations have the most admirable artifacts, however, the poor working condition and career hardship make the young generation could not be inherited. Owing to this reason, we are afaid of losing the PPCT from now on. Apparently, PPCT is the most essential intangibler cultural heritage in Kinmen, so we stive to promote the chinese cultural assets by maintaining the job of Pasted-paper Making Technicians, and endeavoring to cultivating new technicians to our best in Kinmen.