奧福「鋼琴練習」之研究

「Klavier-Übung」by Carl Orff

李映慧(Ying-Hui Lee)

指導教授 ： 林文菁

國立臺北藝術大學/音樂學院/音樂學系碩士在職專班/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6835/TNUA.2006.00116

摘要

卡爾.奧福(Carl Orff 1895-1982)為二十世紀知名音樂家，傳世經典之作「布蘭詩歌」(Carmina Burana)至今為人所熟知與讚頌。他在音樂教育上的貢獻並不亞於音樂家的地位，以音樂(Music)、動作(Movement)、語言(Speech)為三大基本方向，包含了音樂、舞蹈、詩歌、文學、戲劇多元要素、重視人本精神的奧福教學法，堪稱為綜合性藝術教育。

袞特學校時期，奧福為了學生必修的鋼琴課及訓練基本音樂能力所譜寫的鋼琴練習(Klavier - Übung)，於1933年以上下合輯方式收錄出版。更發展出獨特的持續低音(Drone)教學手法，以兩人或多人方式在一台或二台鋼琴上彈奏，訓練學生多聲部和即興練習，根據記憶所記下的樂譜刊載於八冊工作紀實中的第三冊，本研究即根據這兩部分樂譜及相關文獻加以探究。

全文共分五個章節：第一章介紹卡爾.奧福生平，記述其一生豐富的經歷與創作思維。第二章說明奧福教育的緣起與發展，詳實記載各階段發展的關鍵性人物與事件。第三章分析奧福鋼琴練習，以旋律、節奏、和聲等方向解析40首小曲。第四章奧福鋼琴教學的獨特性，以15首練習範例呈述持續低音的教學手法。第五章為總結。

研究重點不在重新發現一套鋼琴教學方法或教材，而是透過對樂譜資料與文獻探討，將奧福重要教學元素提煉出來，加以整理解析重新注釋，務使教學工作者對其教育理論與方法奠基更深更紮實，並確切落實於課堂上。讓奧福教育觀念的發揚傳達與教學現場結合更緊密合一，才是教育工作最令人期待的成果。

關鍵字

卡爾.奧福 ； 鋼琴練習 ； 持續低音

並列摘要

Carl Orff (1895-1982) is one of the famous composers of the 20th century, and his master piece “Carmina Burana” has been performed all over the world until now. His contribution to music education is just as important as composition . Started with the three basic directions-- “Music,” “Movement”, and “Speech”, Orff then added different elements of music, dance, poetry, literature, and drama. With the emphasis of “humaninity”, Orff Method is a comprehensive art education, which served various functions.

When he established the school for gymnastics, musicand dance, with Dorothee Günther, Orff composed the Klavier Übung, which was published in 1933 with two volumes, for the reuired piano lessons and basic music skill training. Orff then established the unique Drone method to train the polyphonic and improvising skills, with two or more students playing one or two pianos. And these scores were recorded from memory in the third book of his totally eight books of working diary. This study is based on the two scores of the composer and other related reference sources.

This paper is divided into five parts: 1) Introduction of Carl Orff’s life, experience, and thought. 2) Explanation of how did Orff Method started and evolved, with detailed information of each stage and important people. 3) Analysis of the piano practice, and demonstration of forty short pieces with guidelines including melody, rhythm and chord. 4) Uniqueness of Orff Method’s piano practice with references of fifteen practice pieces. 5) Conclusion.

The purpose of this study is not to find a new set of teaching method and material, but to bring out the important elements of Orff Method with intense study, to reorganize and identify the parts, and to strengthen the educators’ understanding, both theoretically and practically, of the Orff Method. The most amazing result is to see how the Orff Method’s ideal is being spread out and applied well to the real teaching.

並列關鍵字

Carl Orff ； Klavier-&Uuml ； bung ； Drone

參考文獻

黃創華，吳幸如。＜音樂治療理論模式的比較分析－以奧福音樂治療團體之效果研究為例＞諮商輔導學報 10（民93）：1-30。

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Thomas, Werner. Carl Orff. Translated by Verena Maschat. Berlin: Propyläen Verlag, 1985.

胡金山編。音樂大師13蓋希文、奧福、霍爾斯特、羅徳里哥。台北：巨英國際股份有限公司。民89。

參考書目